Annual Report
For the year ended 30 September 2024
Financial Highlights
1
Fund Performance
1
Strategic Update
Chair's Statement
2
Investment Manager’s Review
6
Top Ten Investments (by Value)
13
Investment Portfolio Summary
14
Unquoted Investments Summary
21
Financial and Performance Review
22
Key Performance Indicators
24
The Company and its Business Model
26
Investment Objective
27
Investment Policy
27
Key Policies
28
Section 172(1) Statement
29
Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Report
32
Principal and Emerging Risks
33
The Regulatory Environment
35
Governance
Board of Directors
37
Investment Management Team
40
Directors’ Report
42
Directors’ Remuneration Report
45
Corporate Governance Statement
49
Audit Committee Report
54
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
57
Independent Auditor's Report
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
58
Financial Statements
Income Statement
65
Statement of Financial Position
66
Statement of Changes in Equity
67
Statement of Cash Flows
68
Notes to the Financial Statements
69
Information
Shareholder Information
87
Glossary
89
Summary of VCT Regulations
90
Corporate Information
91
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
92
Contents
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access
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Company's
website
www.unicornaimvct.co.uk
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Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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Annual Report
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2024
In addition to the 6.5 pence per share ordinary dividends, a special interim dividend of 11.7 pence per share was
also paid during the year.
Net Asset Value (“NAV”) total return for the financial year ended 30 September 2024, aſter adding back dividends of
18.2 pence per share paid in the year, rose by 0.3%.* By comparison the FTSE AIM All-Share Total Return Index rose
by 3.9%.*
Offer for Subscription raised £19.5 million (aſter costs).
Final dividend of 3.5 pence per share proposed and a special dividend declared of 6.0 pence per share for the
financial year ended 30 September 2024.
New Offer for Subscription announced to raise up to £25 million.
* Alternative Performance measures.
Financial Highlights
for the year ended 30 September 2024
Ordinary Shares
Shareholders'
Funds*
(£m)
Net asset value
per share
(NAV)
(p)
10 year
cumulative
dividends†
paid per share
(p)
Net asset value
plus cumulative
dividends paid
per share
(p)
Share
price
(p)
30 September 2024
199.4
104.7
117.7
222.4
93.5
31 March 2024
199.5
103.6
114.7
218.3
91.5
30 September 2023
211.9
122.6
99.5
222.1
103.5
31 March 2023
218.4
125.5
96.5
222.0
103.5
* Shareholders' funds/net assets as shown on the Statement of Financial Position on page 66.
The Board has recommended a final dividend of 3.5 pence per share and declared a special dividend of 6.0 pence per share for the year ended 30 September 2024 bringing total
dividends for the year to 24.2 pence per share. If the final dividend is approved by Shareholders, then these payments will bring total dividends paid in the last ten years from
30 September 2014 to 127.2 pence per share.
Percentage of Assets Held as at 30 September 2024
Valuation based on fair value
Fund Performance
Cash and other assets 3.9%
Other funds*** 7.0%
Fully Listed 9.6%
Unquoted 22.0%
AIM Traded 57.5%
Qualifying**
Non-qualifying
1.2%
56.3%
9.6%
22.0%
7.0%
3.9%
** The criteria required for a holding to be a qualifying holding are given on pages 89 and 90.
*** Other funds include the Unicorn Ethical Fund, the BlackRock Cash Fund and the Royal London Short-Term Money Market Fund.
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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Annual Report
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2024
1
I am pleased to present the Company's Audited Annual Report
for the year ended 30 September 2024.
Introduction
The economic and geopolitical environment in both the UK and
globally has been challenging. Following a sustained period of
rising interest rates, aimed at curbing inflation, the UK economy
has shown some tentative signs of stabilisation, albeit that
productivity is still below par and economic growth remains
modest. Despite the rate of inflation having declined, the cost
of living remains high, which has placed a strain on household
budgets and dampened consumer confidence.
The faltering macroeconomic environment has been reflected in
the behaviour of the UK stock market, where investor sentiment
remains fragile. Sectors perceived as being less vulnerable to
geopolitical or economic shocks have benefited from their
global exposure or have been rewarded for strong operational
performance. In contrast, the FTSE AIM All-Share Index ("AIM
Index"),
which
is
composed
of
smaller,
growth-oriented
businesses, has continued to face significant headwinds. Despite
this, the AIM Index delivered a total return of +3.9% for the
year ended 30 September 2024. Increased borrowing costs, a
reduced appetite for risk and a continued reluctance to invest
in smaller early-stage businesses meant however that your
Company underperformed the AIM Index, producing a positive
total return of 0.3%.
Economic & Market Review
The Bank of England’s monetary tightening measures have
brought down the rate of inflation. Despite struggling to generate
meaningful and sustained growth, the economy managed to
avoid falling into a prolonged recession. Rising costs of energy,
raw materials, and labour continued to pose challenges, while the
housing market soſtened as mortgage rates remained elevated,
further constraining consumer spending.
The FTSE All-Share Index delivered a total return of +13.4%
during the period under review, primarily due to its focus on
larger, more liquid, and oſten globally diversified firms. This
significant divergence in performance relative to the AIM Index
emphasises the continued and prevailing preference among
the investor community for stable, liquid assets over higher-risk
investments.
Despite
these
challenges,
certain
AIM
sectors
including
technology, healthcare, and renewable energy demonstrated
resilience. Companies in these areas continued to benefit
from
structural
trends
towards
digital
transformation
and
sustainability, which remain attractive to investors. Additionally,
the relative weakness of the pound continued to support Merger
and Acquisition ("M&A") activity, as undervalued UK assets
appealed to foreign buyers.
A good example of this was the acquisition of Abcam Plc by
Danaher Corporation in January 2024. The Investment Manager
initially backed Abcam at its Initial Public Offering ("IPO")
in November 2005, reflecting a long-term commitment to a
high-growth, innovative business. The successful sale of Abcam
delivered an overall return on investment of 821.9% and led to a
special dividend of 11.7 pence per share being paid to Unicorn
AIM VCT Shareholders in February 2024, underscoring the value
generated by the Investment Manager's early and sustained
investment. The strong returns generated through such M&A
activity over the past 2 years have provided significant benefits
to Shareholders and resulted in the payment of special dividends
totalling 50.7
 pence per share since 1 October 2022.
Net Assets
As at 30 September 2024, the audited net assets of the Company
were £199.4 million, a decline of £12.5 million over the course
of the financial year. There were a number of moving parts
behind this fall, with a decrease in the value of the investment
portfolio of £3.3 million, £32.0 million of dividends paid and a
further £4.9 million returned to Shareholders through share
buybacks all contributing to the reduction in net assets. This
was partially offset by the fully subscribed Offer for Subscription,
which raised net proceeds of £19.5 million and £4.4 million
from Shareholders who invested in the Dividend Reinvestment
Scheme (DRIS). Aſter adding back all dividends paid, the total
return in the period was +0.3%.
The purpose of this Strategic Report is to inform Shareholders of the Company's progress on key matters and assist them in assessing the
extent to which the Directors have performed their legal duty to promote the success of the Company in accordance with section 172 of
the Companies Act 2006.
The Investment Manager’s Review on pages 6 to 12 includes a comprehensive analysis of the development of the business during the
financial year and the position of the Company’s main investments at the end of the year.
Chair's Statement
2
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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Annual Report
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2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Performance Review
The Company’s total return of +0.3% underperformed the AIM
Index, which delivered a total return of +3.9% over the period.
Whilst disappointing, it is worth noting that the average total
return of the other constituents within the AIC VCT AIM-Quoted
Peer Group was -5%.
The investment portfolio remains well-diversified, comprising
holdings
that
range
from
early-stage,
cash-
consuming companies, to more well-established holdings
that are both profitable and cash-generative. At the close of
the financial year, the Company held 79 active VCT qualifying
investments, with 39 of these valued in excess of £500,000. More
than 70% of the qualifying businesses in the Company continue
to maintain a net cash position on their balance sheets.
Despite
resilience
in
the
broader
UK
stock
market,
the
smaller companies listed on AIM underperformed relative to
other, more established, UK-listed smaller companies during
the period. This underperformance can largely be attributed to
risk aversion among investors, who continue to favour larger,
more liquid assets during a period of elevated interest rates
and persistent inflation. AIM-listed companies, especially those
outside of the FTSE AIM 100 Index, are typically early-stage,
cash-consuming businesses with high growth aspirations. It is
unsurprising therefore that many of them have encountered
difficulties in attracting further, much needed capital under these
tighter financial conditions. The small size and limited liquidity
of these companies continues to deter investors and, for the
time being, the focus remains on more established companies
offering stronger cash flow stability.
The specific and rather unusual sector composition of the AIM
Index further heightened its vulnerability to economic headwinds
throughout the year. Sectors that are well represented within the
AIM Index, such as technology, consumer discretionary, and
biotechnology, were negatively affected by rising borrowing
costs and weakening consumer confidence. These conditions
proved particularly challenging for companies with longer paths
to profitability, as they depend heavily on external funding to
sustain their growth. Consequently, the AIM Index experienced
disproportionately weak returns due to its greater weighting in
sectors that are traditionally vulnerable in a rising interest rate
environment. This was in stark contrast to the main UK Indices,
which continued to see capital allocations being directed
towards more stable sectors including energy, commodities, and
financials.
The Company’s performance reflects these broader market
dynamics. While the portfolio’s diversification strategy reduced
risk to some extent, certain holdings within high-growth sectors
faced considerable pressure and, as is normal in Venture Capital
investing, some of our investee companies failed during the
year under review. Nonetheless, we believe that the Company’s
strategic positioning within high growth sectors will ultimately
enable the portfolio to generate Shareholder value over the long
term. As the macroeconomic environment begins to stabilise,
and with expectations of improved investor sentiment towards
smaller, growth-oriented companies, both the Board and the
Investment Manager are optimistic that the Company is well
positioned to deliver positive capital returns.
Portfolio Activity
During the period, there were several opportunities to deploy
capital into both new investments and follow-on opportunities
within existing holdings. Encouragingly, the Investment Manager
continues to identify new and potentially highly attractive
investment prospects, some of which are currently under active
consideration. This pipeline of opportunities reflects a gradual
yet steady recovery in both the quantity and quality of potential
investments available to the Company.
Five new VCT qualifying investments were made during the
period, at a total cost of £7.5 million. In addition, £5.9 million of
capital was allocated across nine of the existing VCT qualifying
investee companies, to support their future growth.
A number of full and partial disposals were also made during
the course of the financial year. Total proceeds from disposals
of qualifying investments amounted to £39.2 million, realising
an overall capital gain of £28.8 million over the lifetime of the
investments.
The Investment Manager continued to utilise two money market
funds, and an investment in the Unicorn UK Ethical Income
Fund, alongside holdings in some large, highly liquid UK equities
during the period. These were non-qualifying investments,
which continued to enable Shareholders to benefit from the
current higher interest rate environment, while maintaining
a strong liquidity position to fund new qualifying investment
opportunities.
A more detailed analysis of investment activity and performance
can
be
found
in
the
Investment
Manager’s
Review
on
pages 6 to 12.
Chair's Statement
(continued)
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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Annual Report
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2024
3
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Dividends
A special dividend of 11.7 pence per share, was paid to
Shareholders on 14 February 2024 following the successful
acquisition of Abcam by Danaher Corporation.
An interim dividend of 3.0 pence per share, for the half year ended
31 March 2024, was paid to Shareholders on 13 August 2024.
The Board is also pleased to recommend a further final dividend
of 3.5 pence per share for the financial year ended 30 September
2024. This dividend,
if approved
by Shareholders at
the
Company’s forthcoming AGM, will be payable on 21 February
2025 to Shareholders on the register as at 3 January 2025. In
addition, the Board has declared a special dividend of 6.0 pence
per share as a result of the M&A activity that led to the disposal
of our shareholdings in Mattioli Woods and Keywords Studios
during, and shortly aſter, the period end. This special dividend
will be payable alongside the final dividend on 21 February 2025.
Total
dividends
in
respect
of
the
financial
year
ended
30 September 2024, including these significant special dividends
are therefore expected to be 24.2 pence per share.
Share Buybacks & Share Issues
The Board continues to believe that it is in the best interests of the
Company and its Shareholders to make market purchases of its
shares from time to time. During the period from 1 October 2023
to 30 September 2024, the Company bought back 5,205,225 of
its own Ordinary Shares for cancellation, at an average price of
93.4 pence per share including costs.
Future repurchases of shares will continue to be made in
accordance with guidelines established by the Board and will
be subject to the Company having the appropriate authorities
from Shareholders and sufficient funds available for this purpose.
Share buybacks will also be subject to the Listing Rules and any
applicable law at the relevant time. Shares bought back in the
market are normally cancelled.
An Offer for Subscription was launched on 26 January 2024.
The Offer was again strongly supported and closed, fully
subscribed, on 15 February 2024. The total raised, net of all
costs, was £19.5 million and resulted in the issue of 18.7 million
new shares. On behalf of the Board, I would like to welcome
all new Shareholders and to thank existing Shareholders for
their continued support. As at 30 September 2024, there were
190,437,026 Ordinary Shares in issue.
New Offer
On 27 November 2024, the Company announced the intention
to launch an Offer for Subscription to raise up to £25 million
through the issue of new ordinary shares. The prospectus, which
will contain the full details and terms and conditions of the Offer, is
expected to be available in January 2025.
VCT Status
There were no changes to VCT legislation during the period
under review.
The Government last introduced new legislation pertaining to
Venture Capital Trusts in November 2017. The most important of
these new rules came into effect in the 2019/2020 tax year and are
designed to ensure that capital is directed at young, developing
businesses, which might otherwise find it difficult to secure
funding to finance their planned growth.
One of the key tests is the requirement for at least 80% of
a Venture Capital Trust’s total assets to be invested in VCT
qualifying companies. I am pleased to report that, excluding
new capital raised in Offers for Subscription within the last three
years, Unicorn AIM VCT’s qualifying percentage was 100% of
total assets as of 30 September 2024. All other HM Revenue &
Customs tests have also been complied with during the period,
and the Board has been advised by its VCT status advisor,
PricewaterhouseCoopers ("PwC"), that the Company continues
to maintain its Venture Capital Trust status. It will, of course,
remain a key priority of the Board to ensure that the Company
retains this VCT status. We welcome the new government’s swiſt
action to extend the State Aid rules for venture capital trusts until
2035.
Board changes
Jeremy Hamer will not be seeking re-election at the forthcoming
AGM. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Jeremy
for his invaluable service as a Non-Executive Director and Audit
Committee Chair of the Company.
We also take this opportunity to welcome Julian Bartlett, who
was appointed to the Board as a new Non-Executive Director on
2 October 2024. Jeremy's wealth of experience and wise counsel
will be difficult to replace; however, we are pleased to have
secured such a highly experienced director in Julian, following
an extensive and open executive search process.
Chair's Statement
(continued)
4
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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Annual Report
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2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Annual General Meeting
I would like to take this opportunity to thank all Shareholders
for their continued support of the Company and to invite you
to attend the Company’s Annual General Meeting, which is to
be held on 12 February 2025. Full details of the AGM including;
location, timing, and the business to be conducted, are given
in the Notice of the Meeting on pages 92 and 93. Shareholders’
views are important, and the Board therefore encourages all
Shareholders to vote on the resolutions within the Notice of
Annual General Meeting on pages 92 and 93 using the proxy
form, or electronically at https://unicorn.city-proxyvoting.uk.
The Board has carefully considered the business to be approved
at the AGM and recommends that Shareholders vote in favour of
all the resolutions being proposed.
Outlook
The current financial year is expected to reflect many of the same
themes that have shaped recent performance, with investor
sentiment toward smaller quoted companies likely to remain
fragile. The Company is however, well-positioned to navigate this
environment, benefiting, as it does, from a diversified portfolio
that has consistently demonstrated resilience.
The Investment Manager is seeing early indications of renewed
investor interest in the AIM, driven by attractive valuations. The
IPO market has also shown modest signs of recovery, with several
new companies preparing to list. The Investment Manager
remains highly selective, ensuring that new investments align
with the Company’s long-term growth strategy. This disciplined
approach, coupled with an improved deal pipeline, suggests
promising opportunities for capital deployment in the coming
year.
The Budget on 30 October 2024 brought in a number of
measures that will impact UK businesses in general, and AIM-
listed Companies in particular. The 1.2% increase in Employers'
NI, coupled with the reduction in earnings thresholds on which
it is paid, will have a negative effect on all businesses that employ
more than a handful of people. The increase in CGT to 24%
and the increase in rates for Business Asset Disposal Relief, and
Entrepreneurs/Investors Relief to 14% next year and 18% the year
aſter, may well discourage current and potential entrepreneurs
from taking on risk to grow existing businesses or start new
ones. Finally, AIM-listed shares will be partially brought inside the
net for Inheritance Tax purposes with Business Relief applying to
only 50% of their value. This may well reduce the attractiveness
of AIM shares to potential investors and have a detrimental
effect on the AIM in general. Meanwhile, making assets held in
pension schemes subject to Inheritance Tax from April 2027 may
also alter attitudes to long-term saving and investor behaviour.
It is possible that the prospect of paying 40% Inheritance Tax
on pension assets, may encourage the wealthy to mitigate tax
liabilities by increasing their exposure to AIM-listed stocks,
where partial relief will at least remain available. Nonetheless, it
is currently hard to see how any of these measures are going to
stimulate much needed economic growth.
Nevertheless, the Board shares the Investment Manager’s
confidence that the investment portfolio is well-positioned to
deliver capital gains as and when market conditions improve.
Although near-term headwinds persist, the Board remains
cautiously
optimistic
about
the
outlook.
The
Company’s
strategic positioning within high-growth sectors, combined
with an expanding pipeline of investment opportunities, places
it in a strong position to capture any recovery in market value
and deliver meaningful capital growth for Shareholders.
Tim Woodcock
Chair
5 December 2024
Chair's Statement
(continued)
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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Annual Report
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2024
5
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Introduction
The twelve-month period ended 30 September 2024 was a
challenging period for the Company in both absolute and relative
performance terms. The Company’s net asset value total return of
+0.3% in the financial year, compares to a total return of +3.9% for
the AIM Index over the same period.
While this is a slightly disappointing relative performance, it was
largely the result of a clear gulf in performance between the largest
and smallest companies listed on AIM. The FTSE AIM 50 Index,
which represents the fiſty largest companies on AIM, registered a
total return of +9.2% over the twelve-month period. Meanwhile,
the Company’s performance remains governed by its requirement
to invest in early-stage, scale-up companies. Unfortunately, the
conditions for these smaller companies remained challenging,
making it harder for our portfolio of investee companies to
outperform the larger more established companies on AIM.
The financial year commenced with high levels of economic
and geopolitical uncertainty. The UK economy entered a mild
technical recession in the second half of 2023, reporting a small
decline in quarterly gross domestic product ("GDP") for two
consecutive quarters. Also, in September 2023, the UK consumer
price index ("CPI") was running at an annual inflation rate of 6.7%,
more than triple the 2% level set by the Government as a target
for the Bank of England ("BoE") to reach and maintain. As inflation
continued to pose a serious threat to economic growth, the BoE
initiated the sharpest rate hiking cycle for many decades, which
saw the Bank Rate peak at 5.25% in September 2023. Politically,
the UK has also now experienced five Prime Ministers in just seven
years, reflecting persistent instability in the post-Brexit era.
Globally, geopolitical risks remained at elevated levels throughout
the period under review including: the war of attrition being
waged by Russia against Ukraine in Europe, the resurgence of
conflict in the Middle East between Israel and a number of Iranian
backed militant groups, and growing tensions between China and
Taiwan in the Far East.
Set against this volatile and unpredictable macro-economic
backdrop, it was somewhat surprising to see global stock market
indices rally so strongly during the financial year, from a low point
reached in October 2023. US equity indices registered notably
strong returns over the twelve-month period, as investors bet
that the US Federal Reserve would successfully navigate macro-
economic challenges and guide the American economy to a so-
called ‘soſt-landing’, thereby reducing inflation without putting
the economy into recession. The S&P 500 Index registered a total
return of +36.3% over the twelve months ended 30 September
2024. Meanwhile, the NASDAQ Composite Index posted a total
return of +38.7% over the same period. Most notably, Nvidia’s
stock price surged by over +179%, as investors concluded that
demand for its computer chips would continue to strengthen
significantly in an effort to satisfy the phenomenal growth in
generative AI computing power.
In the UK, over the same twelve-month period, equity market
performance was led by the FTSE 250 (excluding Investment
Trusts) Index, which recorded a total return of +21.4%, followed
by the FTSE 100 Index, which delivered a total return of +12.4%.
The strong performance of the mid-cap index reflected positive
contributions from sectors most sensitive to a reduction in
interest rates including: Non-Banking Financial Services, Real
Estate and House Builders. Meanwhile, the UK’s large-cap index
also benefited from its large weighting in Banks and Defence
sectors, which both performed strongly. Banks have benefited
from the higher interest rate environment, which enabled them
to earn a greater net interest margin on their loans. Ongoing
geopolitical tensions fuelled a significant increase in defence
spending by NATO countries, driving strong order intake at BAE
Systems, among others.
However, investor appetite for backing UK smaller companies,
particularly AIM listed shares, remained muted, and was clearly
reflected in the much lower +3.9% total return registered by the
AIM Index over the same twelve-month period. This divergence in
performance underscores the persistent re-allocation of capital by
investors away from smaller, higher risk, higher growth companies
listed on AIM and towards large, more liquid, and globally
diversified businesses in the UK and US equity markets. The FTSE
AIM All-Share Index as at 30 September 2024 was almost 44%
below its previous peak level reached in September 2021. Clearly,
a sharp improvement in investor appetite for AIM-listed shares is
necessary for this situation to change for the better.
Headwinds to equity performance subsided during the second
half of the Company’s financial year ended 30 September 2024.
Inflation fell steadily to reach 2.2% in August 2024 and the BoE
implemented its first interest rate cut since 2016, signalling the
start of a new phase of easing monetary policy. This scenario
should ultimately help support the performance of smaller AIM
listed companies via lower borrowing costs and a more benign
inflationary cost environment. M&A activity also grew during the
year, as private equity investors and larger corporations were
increasingly attracted by the generally depressed valuations of
AIM listed companies.
The Labour Party’s victory in July’s General Election ought to bring
about a more stable political outlook for the UK. One of the new
Government’s key pledges is to increase levels of investment
in areas that will drive economic growth. The Chancellor,
Rachel Reeves has however repeatedly stated that the new
Government inherited a ‘black hole’ in the public purse and is
now implementing plans to progressively increase taxation to
help fund further increases in public sector expenditure. Investor
concern surrounding the possible removal of tax reliefs also led to
weaker sentiment towards AIM stocks in particular.
Investment Manager’s Review
6
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Net Asset Performance
As at 30 September 2024, the audited net assets of the Company
amounted to £199.4 million, which equates to a decline of
£12.5 million during the twelve-month period under review.
The audited Net Asset Value per Share was 104.7 pence as at
30 September 2024, which represents a capital decline (excluding
dividends paid) of -14.6% on the closing NAV per share of 122.6
pence as at 30 September 2023. Aſter adding back dividends paid
during the financial year, the Net Asset Value (“NAV”) Total Return
of the Company was +0.3%.
Despite the substantial net proceeds received from a fully
subscribed Offer for Subscription together with a positive return
generated by the Company’s investment portfolio, net assets
registered a decline overall during the period under review. This
decline was largely due to the £32.0 million in dividends that were
paid to Shareholders in the period. A further £4.9 million was also
returned to Shareholders by way of share buybacks during the
financial year.
The Investment Manager has always adopted a cautious approach
to deploying new capital. While total investment in AIM IPOs and
AIM-listed companies reduced in 2024 in comparison to previous
years, it is nonetheless pleasing to report that several new VCT
qualifying investments were concluded during the period. In
addition, a number of follow-on investment opportunities have
also been completed since the proceeds from the Offer for
Subscription were received. While the short-term performance
of these new VCT qualifying investments has been volatile, the
Investment Manager believes the current portfolio of investments
is particularly well-positioned to deliver meaningful long-term
growth in net assets.
Performance Review
The financial year under review has been another challenging
period for the Company.
A number of investee companies suffered further declines in their
market values, which is particularly disappointing since it follows
on from the significant share price declines experienced in the
prior financial year. The Company’s holdings in early-stage, scale-
up businesses, including those in the Life Sciences, Technology
and Pharmaceutical sectors, came under particular pressure since
they typically require multiple funding rounds, and were therefore
disproportionately affected by the difficult market conditions.
By contrast, the more established, profitable and cash generative
businesses in the portfolio generally delivered positive total
returns. Several of these more mature investee companies received
take-over approaches during the year. Notably, the Company’s
long-standing holdings in Mattioli Woods, Keywords Studios,
City Pub Group and Belvoir Group all received recommended
takeover offers at healthy premia to their underlying share prices.
Given the current circumstances, it seems likely that the Company
will continue to experience elevated levels of takeover activity
amongst its portfolio of investments.
As a reminder, the Investment Manager is required by prevailing
VCT legislation to ensure that capital is deployed in early-
stage, scale-up businesses. Clearly, investment in immature
businesses carries a high degree of risk. We therefore anticipate
further divergence of returns from within the portfolio of
investee companies.
Over the past two decades however, many of the Company’s
longer-standing investments have developed into established,
sustainably profitable, cash-generative businesses and, in the
course of this development, have also generated substantial
capital gains. We remain confident that this trend will continue.
The investment portfolio remains diversified, both by number of
holdings and by sector exposure. At the financial year end, the
Company held investments in 79 active VCT qualifying companies
and 10 non-qualifying investments. These investments are spread
across 27 different sectors.
A review of the ten most meaningful contributors to performance
from VCT qualifying investments (both positive and negative)
follows:–
Largest Contributors
Hasgrove
(20.2% of net assets, +£17.4 million) is an unquoted
holding company, which wholly-owns an operating subsidiary
called Interact. Interact is a fast-growing global provider of
corporate intranet solutions that operates a Soſtware-as-a-Service
(SaaS) business model.
In
its
most
recent
results
for
the
financial
year
ended
31 December 2023, Hasgrove reported revenue growth of
over 26% to £37.0 million and operating profit growth of 19%
to £9.6 million, when compared to its prior financial year.
Hasgrove continues to perform strongly, with profits growth
continuing to exceed expectations, a growing customer base,
and an accelerating stream of highly predictable recurring
revenues. As a consequence of this continued strong financial
and operational performance, the carrying fair value of the
Company’s investment in Hasgrove was raised to £40.3 million,
representing an increase of +70.8% on the closing fair value of
£23.6 million as at 30 September 2023.
Cohort
(5.7% of net assets, +£5.5 million) is a defence technology
group, focused on providing advanced solutions in defence,
security, and related markets. Through its subsidiaries, it delivers
innovative services such as electronic warfare systems, cyber
security,
and
surveillance
technologies.
These
capabilities
support critical operations for defence organisations worldwide,
ensuring enhanced safety and security across complex and high-
risk environments.
Investment Manager’s Review
(continued)
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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2024
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Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Manager’s Review
(continued)
In its most recent annual results for the financial year ended
30 April 2024, Cohort reported record revenues, operating profits,
and order intake levels. Its current order book underpins over 90%
of forecast revenues for its current financial year and management
expect another year of good growth. Cohort also announced five
substantial contract wins during the year totalling over £45 million
in additional revenues.
Mattioli Woods
(sold in year, +£2.3 million) is a specialist provider
of wealth management and employee benefits services. Mattioli
Woods offers tailored financial planning, asset management, and
advisory solutions for individuals and corporate clients. Through
its expertise in pension consultancy and investment strategies,
Mattioli Woods ensures long-term financial security and growth,
addressing the diverse needs of its clients across the UK.
In March 2024, Mattioli Woods announced the terms of a
recommended takeover offer from Pollen Street Capital, a UK
listed private equity firm, specialising in investments within
the financial services sector. The offer valued Mattioli Woods
at approximately £432 million, or 804 pence per share, which
represented a 34% premium over Mattioli’s closing price prior to
the announcement. The transaction completed on 2 September
2024, generating proceeds of £7.8 million and realised a capital
profit on book cost of £6.1 million.
Belvoir
Group
(“
Belvoir
”)/
The
Property
Franchise
Group
(“
TPFG
”) (3.2% of net assets, +£2.3 million) is a UK based franchised
property services company that specialises in residential lettings
and sales through a network of franchisees. In January 2024, Belvoir
announced a recommended all-share merger with TPFG to form
one of the UK’s largest multi-brand lettings and estate agency
groups, integrating both companies' networks and services.
Under the merger terms, Belvoir shareholders were entitled to
approximately 48.25% of the combined entity, valuing Belvoir
at around £110 million pre-merger. The transaction completed
in March 2024, and we received new shares in TPFG in exchange
for our shares in Belvoir. Following receipt of these shares, we
disposed of the portion of shares which were non-qualifying and
retained the qualifying element.
Keywords Studios
(“
Keywords
”) (3.0% of net assets, +£2.2 million)
is a leading provider of creative and technological solutions for
the video games and entertainment sectors. Keywords’ offerings
include: game development, art creation, audio production,
quality assurance testing, localisation, and marketing services.
Its comprehensive solutions ensure the smooth production and
global distribution of engaging content, significantly enhancing
player experience, and contributing to the success of top gaming
titles worldwide.
Following a number of unsolicited and rejected bids from EQT,
a global private equity firm, Keywords announced in July 2024 a
final, recommended takeover offer, which valued Keywords at
approximately £2.1 billion, or 2,450 pence per share, reflecting
a premium of 66.7% over the closing price prior to the initial
announcement. This offer completed on 23 October 2024,
generating proceeds of £6.0 million and a realised gain of
£5.7 million.
City Pub Group
(sold in year, +£1.7 million) is a UK-based
pub company that owns and manages a portfolio of over fiſty pubs
located in the southern regions of England and Wales.
In November 2023, Young & Co’s Brewery (“Young’s”) announced
a recommended takeover offer for City Pub Group valuing
the company at approximately £162 million, or about 1,110 pence
per share, reflecting a 46% premium over the company's closing
share price prior to the announcement. The offer was satisfied
through a combination of cash and new Young’s shares. The
transaction completed on 4 March 2024 and resulted in cash
proceeds of £4.2 million and realised a profit on the Company’s
book cost of the holding in City Pub Group of £0.6 million.
Following receipt of the new Young’s shares, the Investment
Manager disposed of the portion of shares that were non-
qualifying and retained the qualifying portion of shares.
Anpario
(3.1% of net assets, +£1.4 million) is a leading provider
of natural animal health products. Anpario develops and
manufactures innovative solutions for poultry, livestock, and
aquaculture, focusing on nutritional additives and biosecurity
measures. Anpario's range of products aim to enhance the
health and welfare of farm animals, while promoting sustainable
farming practices.
Anpario recently released positive interim results, which covered
the period ended 30 June 2024. These results highlighted
a
recovery
in
global
agricultural
markets,
leading
to
an
improvement in sales volumes and a stabilisation of raw material
costs. As a result, Anpario experienced strong growth in revenue
(+11% to £17.0 million) and pre-tax profits (+53% to £2.1 million)
year-on-year. Management also indicated a robust start to the
second half of the year, with a sustained recovery in volumes
across all product lines.
SulNOx Group
(1.2% of net assets, +£1.0 million) specialises
in providing responsible solutions for decarbonising liquid
hydrocarbon fuels. SulNOx’s natural, biodegradable fuel additives
effectively reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions.
SulNOx’s results for the year to 31 March 2024 reported record
turnover of £0.5 million as the business won its first sales of
product
to
marine
customers.
Despite
operational
losses,
SulNOx's now has positive business momentum, is expanding
its operations globally and has added new board members with
expertise in the marine sector. SulNOx has identified potential
growth opportunities in the African, Asian, US, and European
markets. In a recently released, independent report, the results of a
generator-based study, unequivocally demonstrate commercially
meaningful fuel savings and emissions reductions, which should
assist SulNOx to achieve further commercial traction.
8
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Animalcare Group
(1.9% of net assets, +£0.9 million) is an
international veterinary sales and marketing organisation which is
headquartered in York. In April 2024, Animalcare released results
for the financial year ending 31 December 2023, which reported
an improved trading performance driven by management’s
focus on growing sales of its more popular and more profitable
products in the group’s portfolio. This approach facilitated an
improvement in gross margins and improved cash generation.
The group also disposed of its stake in Identicare, which is a
UK-based pet microchipping business, for a cash consideration
of circa £25 million. Management intends to prioritise growth
in the animal pharmaceuticals business, via a combination of
organic and acquisitive investment opportunities. In September
2024, Animalcare announced interim results for the six months
ended 30 June 2024, which reported a continued positive trading
performance and outlook.
Incanthera
(1.4%
of
net
assets,
+£0.9
million)
is
a
UK-
based
dermatology
company
currently
wholly
focused
on commercialising a range of luxury skincare targeted solutions.
A recently announced partnership agreement with Marionnaud
has resulted in an exclusive Europe-wide product launch and
underscores the growth potential of their proprietary Skin +
CELL brand. Incanthera's specialist expertise in formulation
and delivery, coupled with a significant market opportunity,
positions the business well for rapid revenue growth. In order to
fund the short-term increase in working capital, the business has
strengthened the balance sheet by way of a further funding round
of £1.1 million, in which we were pleased to participate.
Largest Detractors
Oxford Biodynamics
(“OBD”) (0.4% of net assets, -£5.8 million) is
a biotechnology company dedicated to advancing healthcare by
creating and distributing precision tests for life-changing diseases.
OBD’s
pioneering
EpiSwitch
technology
is
acknowledged
for its ability to assist in a more accurate diagnosis of prostate
cancer. OBD’s Prostate Screening Test (PSE) was launched ahead
of schedule earlier this year and has received approval codes
for reimbursement in the US by health insurers. However, a
laboratory expansion and an increased investment in sales &
marketing capacity, resulted in high levels of cash outflows during
the financial year. In March 2024, OBD raised a further £10 million
despite the difficult market conditions. In October 2024, OBD’s
management team announced a strategic review of the business,
including a material reduction in costs in an effort to maximise
the cash runway. Nonetheless, it is likely that OBD will require
additional funding by early 2025. OBD’s management team will
be providing an update on the progress of the strategic review in
due course.
Surface Transforms
(0.0% of net assets, -£4.7 million) is a
manufacturer of carbon fibre ceramic brake discs for the
automotive industry. Surface Transforms has faced extreme
challenges over the past year and slowly improving levels of
manufacturing output have been insufficient to meet the forecast,
and necessary levels of revenue growth. The implementation of
capacity upgrade projects has taken longer, and cost more than
originally anticipated. This has resulted in increased operational
and working capital costs, which have led to a material decline
in the company's cash balance. Revenues for the financial year
ending 31 December 2024 are likely to fall significantly short of
prior expectations and management have since enacted measures
to carefully manage working capital, while also reviewing all
available future funding options.
Tracsis
(4.5% of net assets, -£4.3 million) is a leading provider
of soſtware, hardware, data analytics and services for the rail,
traffic data, and wider transport industries. Products and services
provided by Tracsis help their customers improve the efficiency
and safety of their operations, reduce costs, make better
decisions, and improve customer service. During the summer,
Tracsis warned that its business had been negatively affected by
a period of pre-election inactivity, which imposed restrictions on
spending across central government, local authorities, and train
operating companies. Current fiscal year revenue forecasts were
trimmed by circa 5%, however, earnings forecasts were cut by
a more substantial 30%, reflecting Tracsis’s relatively high fixed
cost base. In counterbalance to this setback, the management
team emphasised that overall momentum in the group remained
strong and that the market opportunity for its rail enterprise
soſtware continues to grow.
Avacta
Group
(1.0%
of
net
assets,
-£3.1
million)
is
a
biopharmaceutical company focused on developing innovative
cancer therapies and diagnostics using its proprietary Affimer®
technology. In its recent interim results, Avacta reported strong
progress with its Phase 1a clinical trial for AVA6000, supported by
a successful fundraise of £30 million earlier this year. Management
emphasised that both preclinical studies and ongoing clinical data
support confidence in the broader potential of its pre|CISION™
platform. Additionally, a process is underway to divest its
diagnostics division to sharpen focus on the therapeutics division.
Aurrigo
International
(“
Aurrigo
”)
(2.9%
of
net
assets,
-£2.8 million), is a leading global provider of innovative transport
technology, specialising in autonomous and semi-autonomous
solutions. Aurrigo’s patented products and services tackle the
ongoing transport issues that the aviation industry around the
world is still facing due to labour shortages caused by the COVID
pandemic. In November 2023, Aurrigo secured an additional
£3.84 million, including £1.5 million from the Company, to
support its development plans. This important funding round
was completed at a significant discount to the underlying
share price, immediately prior to the announcement of the
latest investment round. Since then, Aurrigo has released half-
year financial results, which confirmed significant growth in
revenues in both its Autonomous and Automotive divisions.
Total revenues increased by 26% (£3.9 million), gross profit was
up 100% (£1.4 million). Cash reserves were £1.8 million. Aurrigo’s
management team anticipates delivering significant growth in
Investment Manager’s Review
(continued)
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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2024
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Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Manager’s Review
(continued)
revenues during the 2025 financial year. Meanwhile, by exerting a
tight control of overheads, management is confident that margins
will improve during the remainder of the current financial year.
Directa Plus
(0.5% of net assets, -£2.4 million) is a leading
supplier of graphene, an innovative material with a wide range
of applications across a variety of industries including consumer,
energy, automotive, and aerospace. Directa Plus reported lower
sales and profitability in its most recent interim results, reflecting a
variety of challenges, including a delayed start to a key contract, the
cessation of lower-margin contracts and a temporary slowdown
in orders from a major workwear client. Despite these short-
term setbacks, Directa Plus remains focused on strengthening
its commercial capabilities, driving growth through production
efficiencies, cost restructuring, and converting contracts from its
growing pipeline of opportunities.
Destiny
Pharma
(0.0%
of
net
assets,
-£2.0
million)
is
a
biotechnology firm focused on creating innovative anti-infection
solutions. Its lead product, XF-73 Nasal, is an antimicrobial gel
designed
to
prevent
post-surgical
infections and currently
remains in late-stage development.
In July 2024, Destiny Pharma's Board came to the conclusion
that staying on public markets hindered their ability to secure
adequate funding for the Phase 3 clinical trials of this product.
Despite the strong market potential of XF-73 Nasal, the company
has faced challenges in raising further capital and delays in
securing a commercially viable licensing deal. Given limited
funding opportunities in public markets and significant cash
constraints, the Board concluded that transitioning to private
ownership would enhance access to the necessary capital.
Unfortunately, this initiative was unsuccessful and, on 22 August
2024, Destiny Pharma entered administration, having failed to
secure the necessary capital from alternative sources. At this
point, the value of our investment in Destiny Pharma was written
down to zero.
Lunglife AI
(0.2% of net assets, -£1.7 million) is a biotechnology
company focused on using artificial intelligence to improve the
early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. By analysing lung
samples using its proprietary algorithms, Lunglife aims to enhance
diagnostic accuracy and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Despite past delays in the clinical development of its diagnostic
tests, LungLife AI is now laying the groundwork for commercial
progress. The company has secured a reimbursement code and
favourable Medicare pricing for its test, coupled with initial orders
generated from its early access program, indicating increasing
interest from physicians. LungLife AI is actively seeking to secure
funding from a strategic partner, while also implementing
effective cost-control measures to extend its current cash runway.
Arecor Therapeutics
(“
Arecor
”) (0.4% of net assets, -£1.5 million)
is
a clinical-stage
biopharmaceutical company
focused on
developing novel therapies through its proprietary Arestat™
technology. Arecor's portfolio includes next-generation insulin
therapies and other advanced biologics, which target unmet
medical needs across a range of therapeutic areas.
During the period under review, Arecor achieved notable pipeline
advancements and secured a further £6 million in funding.
Although the fundraise led to a decline in the company’s share
price, Arecor has since reported encouraging Phase I clinical
results
for AT278, showcasing
its
potential
to significantly
improve outcomes for diabetic patients. Discussions are currently
underway to secure a development partner for this key asset.
Tribe Technology
(“
Tribe Tech
”) (0.4% of net assets, -£1.0 million)
specialises in the development and manufacture of autonomous
mining equipment. Tribe Tech has made significant progress in
developing its autonomous drill rig and sample system products.
The company has successfully manufactured its first drill rig for
Master Drilling, a mining contractor, and is currently manufacturing
a second drill rig for Anglo American, a global mining corporation.
However, delays in delivering the first drill rig to Master Drilling
have resulted in much needed revenue generation slipping into
2025. Tribe Tech raised a further £1.41 million in June 2024 via the
issue of new shares and a Convertible Loan Note. The company’s
management team has also enacted cost reductions to preserve
working capital where possible.
Non-Qualifying Investments
The non-qualifying investments in the portfolio are typically
made in larger, more liquid quoted companies that are listed on
the FTSE 350 Index. Non-qualifying investments are normally held
in the portfolio in lieu of cash, allowing us to generate additional
dividend income for future distribution to Shareholders while
awaiting suitable VCT qualifying investment opportunities. In
the main, these investments performed satisfactorily during the
period under review.
During the twelve-month period ended 30 September 2024, the
Investment Manager continued to take advantage of the attractive
yields available on short-term money market funds to generate
additional income. While short-term bond yields remain high, we
expect this to remain an attractive means of generating additional
income at minimal risk, while awaiting suitable VCT qualifying
opportunities.
Offer for Subscription
The
fully
subscribed
Offer
for
Subscription
that
closed
in February 2024, was a very pleasing outcome and is a humbling
endorsement, in particularly challenging times, of the Investment
Manager’s proven and successful long-term approach. The new
funds raised will enable the Investment Manager to continue
the established and successful strategy of selectively growing
the existing portfolio of investments by providing much needed
capital to emerging ‘scale-up’ businesses. The deployment of
capital into new investment opportunities will continue to be
rigorously controlled, especially in view of the difficult investment
landscape.
10
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Activity
In terms of investment activity, the number of companies raising money on AIM remained at historically low levels due to the difficult
market conditions. Initial Public Offerings ("IPOs") were largely absent during the twelve-month period. By number, the majority of the
fund-raises in which we participated were in companies in which we already held an equity stake and were designed to provide additional
capital to enable them to accelerate their development plans. A total of £5.9 million was invested in these follow-on funding rounds,
across nine qualifying companies already held in the portfolio.
In addition, five VCT qualifying investments were made in businesses already listed on AIM or the Aquis Exchange, but which were new
introductions to the Company’s portfolio. In total, £7.5 million was invested in these VCT qualifying companies.
As highlighted in the table below, the VCT qualifying investments made during the financial year have delivered disappointing initial
returns, which starkly illustrates the difficult market conditions for small, early-stage AIM- listed businesses. The standout performer in a
positive sense, was our investment in Incanthera, which has generated strong short-term gains.
Trade Date
Cost
£
Value at
30 September
2024
£
Profit/(loss)
£
Return
%
NEW INVESTEE COMPANIES
Eden Research
6 October 2023
1,500,000
900,000
(600,000)
(40.0)
SkinBioTherapeutics
22 November 2023
1,500,000
848,684
(651,316)
(43.4)
Equipmake Holdings
15 February 2024
1,500,000
625,000
(875,000)
(58.3)
EDX Medical Group
4 March 2024
1,000,000
791,667
(208,333)
(20.8)
Incanthera*
21 June 2024
2,000,000
2,933,333
933,333
46.7
Total
7,500,000
6,098,684
(1,401,316)
(18.7)
FOLLOW ON INVESTMENTS
Aurrigo International
20 November 2023
1,500,000
1,125,000
(375,000)
(25.0)
Verici DX
20 February 2024
1,000,000
722,222
(277,778)
(27.8)
PCI-PAL
18 March 2024
123,064
102,846
(20,218)
(16.4)
LungLife Al
22 March 2024
755,000
215,714
(539,286)
(71.4)
Oxford Biodynamics
5 April 2024
748,201
267,690
(480,511)
(64.2)
Polarean Imaging
17 June 2024
350,000
507,500
157,500
45.0
Tribe Technology Conv LN 7.5%
26 June 2024
600,000
600,000
Directa Plus
1 July 2024
640,000
391,111
(248,889)
(38.9)
Oberon Investments Group
9 August 2024
224,400
192,343
(32,057)
(14.3)
Total
5,940,665
4,124,426
(1,816,239)
(30.6)
* During the period, sales were made realising a gain of £40,774.
† Based on original investment.
While initial performance has been disappointing, the Investment Manager believes that each of these has the potential to generate a
significant contribution to long-term capital growth.
As a reminder, the Investment Manager is required, by virtue of the strict investment rules surrounding Venture Capital Trusts, to invest in
businesses that are typically at an early stage in their development. These rules, which the Investment Manager fully supports, do however
increase the risk of incurring capital losses, especially given that progress toward sustainable profitability is rarely straightforward. In
testing macro-economic conditions, such as those currently being experienced, it is therefore unsurprising that some of the investments
made in recent years, have struggled to perform in share price terms.
Investment Manager’s Review
(continued)
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Governance
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Financial Statements
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Investment Manager’s Review
(continued)
Realisations
In aggregate, £0.9 million was raised from the partial disposal of
VCT qualifying shares during the period. A further £37.8 million
was received in net proceeds from VCT qualifying investments,
which were fully disposed as a consequence of M&A activity.
These corporate exits realised an aggregate gain on book cost of
£29.1 million.
The largest corporate exit was Abcam, which was acquired by
Danaher Corporation. This transaction completed in December
2023, generating net proceeds of £20.3 million and a realised
capital gain on remaining book cost of £19.2 million. As a
reminder,
the
Investment
Manager
has
also
realised very
substantial capital profits throughout the 18 year investment
holding period, by making a series of regular partial disposals of
shares in Abcam. The Company’s initial investment in Abcam was
made in November 2005.
Other corporate
takeovers of VCT qualifying
investments,
which completed during the twelve-month period, included;
Mattioli Woods, Instem, Smoove and City Pub Group. In
aggregate, these four additional exits generated net proceeds
of £17.4 million and realised capital gains of £11.1 million on book
cost.
Corporate actions also resulted in the full exit of non-qualifying
investments. These included the takeover of non-qualifying
shares in City Pub Group, which generated net proceeds of
£1.2 million and a realised loss on book cost of £0.1 million.
The Company also tendered its non-qualifying shares in Gama
Aviation, ahead of Gama’s delisting from AIM, which generated
proceeds of £0.3 million and a realised loss of £0.5 million. A
qualifying stake in Gama Aviation was retained in the portfolio as
an unlisted investment.
Outlook
The headwinds faced by the UK economy over recent years
finally appear to be abating. Inflation is moderating and the
‘core’ Consumer Price Index ("CPI") is expected to soſten further
to 2.2% in 2025 and 2.1% in 2026. Core CPI is an important
indicator of economic health, which is closely monitored by
the Bank of England since it excludes the highly volatile costs of
energy and food.
Provided that the downward trend in inflation continues, the
Bank of England is expected to continue to reduce interest
rates beyond the initial 25 basis point reduction made in August
2024. Market forecasts currently indicate the potential for an
additional 50 basis point reduction to 4.5% by the end of 2024.
Declining interest rates should help to support listed company
valuations, particularly those at the smaller end of the market
capitalisation range.
Following years of political disruption and uncertainty, the
election of a government with a large majority should provide
stability and boost levels of confidence among retail and
institutional investors. It is to be hoped that the UK becomes more
widely perceived as being an attractive place in which to invest.
However, near-term optimism has recently been tempered in the
aſtermath of the new Chancellor’s first Budget. While anticipated
reductions in the tax reliefs enjoyed by certain AIM businesses
did not fully materialise, other aspects of the Budget were clearly
designed to rapidly increase HMRC’s overall tax take. This is
disappointing, especially given the Labour Party’s pro-growth
and pro-business rhetoric prior to the General Election.
Globally, geopolitical risks remain significant. Conflict between
Russia and Ukraine is likely to grind on. Elsewhere, dramatic
escalation of military conflict in the Middle East, poses a threat
to stability throughout the Middle East region. In Asia, increasing
military tension between China and Taiwan may lead to global
economic and supply chain disruption or, in the worst-case
scenario, military conflict. The outcome of these risks, and the
effects they may have on equity markets, is highly unpredictable.
However, the Investment Manager takes comfort from the
diversified nature of the portfolio, which has always demonstrated
resilience in previous periods of extreme market dislocation.
In the meantime, the portfolio of investee companies remains in
reasonably good health. Importantly, most of these businesses
remain well-funded and are operating with balance sheets that
are sufficiently robust to enable them to successfully navigate a
further period of economic and equity market uncertainty.
Overall, IPO activity on AIM is likely to take longer to recover
than previously expected. However, VCT qualifying pipeline
opportunities remain satisfactory in terms of both quantity and
quality. As a reminder, the Investment Manager’s approach to
raising new capital through Offers for Subscription has always
been prudent. This cautious approach will remain in place,
thereby allowing us to maintain a selective approach when
considering new VCT qualifying investment opportunities.
We remain confident in the potential for significant capital growth
from the existing investment portfolio over the longer term and
are cautiously optimistic about prospects for an improvement in
investor sentiment during the current financial year.
Chris Hutchinson
Unicorn Asset Management Limited
5 December 2024
12
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Top Ten Investments (by Value)
at 30 September 2024 with prior year comparative values
30 September 2024
30 September 2023
Book
cost
£'000
Valuation
£'000
% of net
assets by
value
Book
cost
£'000
Valuation
£'000
% of net
assets by
value
Hasgrove (unlisted)
1,277
40,306
20.2
1,303
23,607
11.2
Cohort
1,278
11,376
5.7
1,278
5,904
2.8
Tracsis
1,500
8,910
4.5
1,500
13,200
6.2
Avingtrans*
1,864
7,979
4.0
1,864
7,979
3.8
MaxCyte
2,926
7,208
3.6
2,926
6,214
2.9
Tristel
878
6,411
3.2
878
7,195
3.4
The Property Franchise Group (formerly Belvoir Group)*
2,202
6,308
3.2
2,362
4,351
2.0
Anpario
1,423
6,248
3.1
1,423
4,849
2.3
Keywords Studios
303
6,007
3.0
303
3,818
1.8
Aurrigo International
4,458
5,747
2.9
2,980
7,139
3.4
Total
18,109
106,500
53.4
16,817
84,256
39.8
* The holding consists of both qualifying and non-qualifying shares as shown on pages 14 and 20.
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
13
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Portfolio Summary
at 30 September 2024
Year first
invested
Book
cost
£'000
Value
£'000
Market sector
% of net
assets by
value
% of
equity
held
% of
equity
managed
by UAML*
QUALIFYING AIM QUOTED INVESTMENTS
Cohort
Provision of a wide range of technical services to
clients in the defence and security sectors
2006
1,278
11,376
Aerospace & defence
5.7
2.9
3.2
Tracsis
Developer and supplier of resource optimisation
and data capture technologies to the transport
industry
2007
1,500
8,910
Soſtware & computer
services
4.5
5.4
5.9
MaxCyte
Developer of cell -engineering platforms based on
Flow Electroporation technology
2016
2,926
7,208
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
3.6
2.4
2.4
Avingtrans
Provision of precision engineering services
2004
996
6,806
Industrial engineering
3.4
5.9
5.9
Tristel
Manufacturer of contamination and infection
control products
2009
878
6,411
Healthcare providers
3.2
3.4
4.0
Anpario
Manufacturer of natural feed additives for global
agricultural markets
2006
1,423
6,248
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
3.1
9.2
9.2
Keywords Studios
Provider of technical service
to the global video
game industry
2013
303
6,007
Leisure goods
3.0
0.3
0.3
Aurrigo International
An international provider of transport technology
solutions
2022
4,458
5,747
Technology hardware
& equipment
2.9
16.7
16.7
The Property Franchise Group (formerly Belvoir
Group)
Residential property lettings and sales
2015
1,883
5,388
Real estate investment
& services
2.7
2.4
2.4
AB Dynamics
Designer, manufacturer and supplier to the global
automotive industry of advanced testing and
measurement products for vehicle suspension,
brakes and steering
2016
792
4,875
Industrial engineering
2.5
1.1
1.4
Idox
Information and knowledge management soſtware
2007
1,242
3,868
Soſtware & computer
services
1.9
1.4
1.4
Pulsar Group (formerly Access Intelligence)
Compliance soſtware solutions for the public and
private sectors
2004
3,159
3,848
Soſtware & computer
services
1.9
5.1
5.1
Animalcare Group
Specialist veterinary pharmaceuticals and animal
health products
2007
2,401
3,844
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
1.9
2.7
2.7
Incanthera**
Dermatology and oncology therapeutics company
focusing on discovery and development of
targeted solutions
2024
1,960
2,874
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
1.4
11.2
11.2
SulNOx Group**
The development and marketing of fuel emulsifiers
and conditioners
2021
1,800
2,353
Chemicals
1.2
5.4
5.4
Avacta Group
Developer of protein based reagents for research
and diagnostics
2018
932
2,064
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
1.0
1.2
1.2
* Unicorn Asset Management Limited.
** Listed on Acquis Exchange.
14
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Portfolio Summary
(continued)
at 30 September 2024
Year first
invested
Book
cost
£'000
Value
£'000
Market sector
% of net
assets by
value
% of
equity
held
% of
equity
managed
by UAML*
Futura Medical
Experts in topical formulations and transdermal
delivery and have developed an advanced
proprietary transdermal technology
2021
2,300
1,975
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
1.0
1.9
1.9
Oberon Investments Group**
A boutique financial institution providing a
personalised wealth management service for retail
and professional clients and corporate broking
services for small and mid-cap companies
2023
2,224
1,859
Financial services
0.9
9.0
9.0
Verici DX
Developer of tests to understand how a patient will
and is responding to organ transplant
2020
3,125
1,323
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.7
8.4
8.4
PCI-PAL
A leading world-wide provider of payment card
industry compliance solutions for contact centres
2018
1,023
1,039
Soſtware & computer
services
0.5
3.1
3.1
Directa Plus
Producer and supplier of graphene-based
products for use in consumer and industrial
products
2016
5,250
1,037
Chemicals
0.5
9.0
9.0
Feedback
A specialist technology company providing
innovative soſtware and systems to benefit those
working in the field of medical imaging
2020
4,000
971
Medical equipment &
services
0.5
18.2
18.2
Huddled Group (formerly Let's Explore Group)
Provider of ‘out of home’ virtual reality experiences
2018
2,250
903
Electronic & electrical
equipment
0.5
9.1
9.1
Eden Research
Develops and supplies innovative biopesticide
products and natural microencapsulation
technologies to the global crop protection, animal
health and consumer products industries
2023
1,500
900
Chemicals
0.5
4.3
4.3
Tribe Technology
A disruptive developer and manufacturer of
autonomous mining equipment
2023
2,000
880
Industrial engineering
0.4
8.3
8.3
SkinBioTherapeutics
A life science company focused on skin health
2023
1,500
849
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.4
3.5
3.5
Oxford Biodynamics
A global biotech company advancing personalised
healthcare by developing & commercialising
precision medicine tests for life-changing diseases
2022
3,498
809
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.4
8.1
8.1
EDX Medical Group**
Develops innovative digital diagnostic products
and services for the personalised treatment for
cancer, heart disease and infectious diseases
2024
1,000
792
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.4
2.4
2.4
Vianet
Provision of real-time monitoring systems and data
management services
2006
725
788
Soſtware & computer
services
0.4
2.1
2.1
Ilika
A pioneer in solid state battery technology,
enabling solutions for applications such as
Industrial IoT, MedTech and EV
2020
1,528
744
Electronic & electrical
equipment
0.4
1.9
1.9
* Unicorn Asset Management Limited.
** Listed on Acquis Exchange.
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
15
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Portfolio Summary
(continued)
at 30 September 2024
Year first
invested
Book
cost
£'000
Value
£'000
Market sector
% of net
assets by
value
% of
equity
held
% of
equity
managed
by UAML*
Arecor Therapeutics
A globally focused biopharmaceutical company
transforming patient care by bringing innovative
medicines to market through the enhancement of
existing therapeutic products
2021
2,778
743
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.4
3.2
3.2
Equipmake Holdings**
A UK-based technology company, which has
developed a range of electrification products for
the provision of electric vehicle drivetrains
2024
1,500
625
Technology hardware
& equipment
0.3
2.5
2.5
Young & Co
Owner and occupier of pubs located in cities and
major towns in the South including London
2024
745
608
Travel & Leisure
0.3
0.2
0.7
Concurrent Technologies
Designer and manufacturer of high performance
processor based solutions for use in critical
embedded applications
2016
275
570
Technology hardware
& equipment
0.3
0.6
0.6
Polarean Imaging
Manufacturer and service provider for noble gas
polariser devices and ancillary instruments with
special focus on pulmonary imaging 
2021
2,257
554
Medical equipment &
services
0.3
3.2
3.2
Totally
Delivery of care solutions to individuals, business or
public bodies
2015
3,107
518
Healthcare providers
0.3
2.9
2.9
Tan Delta Systems
Provider of real-time oil condition analysis that
optimises maintenance and reduces operating
costs
2023
504
484
Electronic & electrical
equipment
0.3
2.7
2.7
LungLife AI
A diagnostic company focused on the early
detection of lung cancer from a simple blood draw
enhanced by artificial intelligence
2021
3,835
408
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.2
12.7
12.7
PHSC
Health & Safety consultancy and training
2007
253
375
Industrial support
services
0.2
12.2
12.2
Nexteq
Designer and manufacturer of advanced hardware
and soſtware solutions for the pay-to-play gaming
and slot machine industry
2016
648
368
Technology hardware
& equipment
0.2
0.6
0.6
Netcall
Creates, maintains and supports a full range of
communication soſtware tailored to both the
public and private sectors
2016
192
335
Soſtware & computer
services
0.2
0.2
0.2
Touchstar
Development and supply of rugged, hand-held
data capture devices to the logistics sector
2005
338
304
Technology hardware
& equipment
0.2
3.5
3.5
XP Factory
Global provider of live 'escape the room'
experiences
2017
2,000
263
Travel & leisure
0.1
1.3
1.3
Fusion Antibodies
A contract research organisation that offers a range
of antibody engineering services for all stages of
therapeutic and diagnostic antibody development
2017
1,410
262
Healthcare providers
0.1
6.7
6.7
* Unicorn Asset Management Limited.
** Listed on Acquis Exchange.
16
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Portfolio Summary
(continued)
at 30 September 2024
Year first
invested
Book
cost
£'000
Value
£'000
Market sector
% of net
assets by
value
% of
equity
held
% of
equity
managed
by UAML*
Diales (formerly Driver Group)
Provision of specialist commercial, project
planning and dispute resolution services to the
construction industry
2006
552
257
Industrial support
services
0.1
3.1
3.1
Kingswood Holdings
Private wealth management
2015
1,758
253
Investment banking &
brokerage services
0.1
0.3
0.3
Synectics
Designer of end-to-end integrated security and
surveillance solutions
2016
110
250
Industrial support
services
0.1
0.6
0.6
Gelion
Developer of the next generation of safe stationary
storage technology to maximise solar and wind
energy
2022
1,900
223
Electronic & electrical
equipment
0.1
1.0
1.0
Angle
Developer of products for use in rare cell
diagnostics that enable early, accurate
identification of an individual’s condition for the
prevention, treatment, and monitoring of disease
2018
1,385
222
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.1
0.9
0.9
Creo Medical
A medical device company focused on the
emerging field of surgical endoscopy, a recent
development in minimally invasive surgery
2018
1,000
192
Medical equipment &
services
0.1
0.2
0.2
Oncimmune Holdings
A immunodiagnostics developer, primarily focused
on the growing fields of immuno-oncology,
autoimmune disease and infectious diseases
2021
2,088
191
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.1
1.6
1.6
Hardide
Advanced tungsten carbide based metal coatings
for internal and external surfaces
2014
2,054
191
Chemicals
0.1
4.1
4.1
Pressure Technologies
Manufacturer of high pressure cylinders
2007
1,140
176
General industrials
0.1
1.5
1.5
Abingdon Health
Developer and manufacturer of high-quality
rapid lateral flow tests across all industry sectors,
including healthcare and COVID-19
2020
1,851
173
Medical equipment &
services
0.1
1.0
1.0
Soſtware Circle (formerly Grafenia)
Franchised high street print shops
2004
231
154
Consumer services
0.1
0.2
0.2
Engage XR
A virtual/augmented reality soſtware firm dedicated
to changing how educational content and
corporate training are provided and consumed
globally
2018
2,084
152
Soſtware & computer
services
0.1
3.6
3.6
Merit Group
Media group focused on political communication,
training and publishing
2003
1,176
134
Media
0.1
0.9
0.9
Cambridge Nutritional Sciences
Medical diagnostics company focused on allergy,
food intolerance and infectious disease
2010
444
130
Medical equipment &
services
0.1
1.6
1.6
* Unicorn Asset Management Limited.
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
17
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Portfolio Summary
(continued)
at 30 September 2024
Year first
invested
Book
cost
£'000
Value
£'000
Market sector
% of net
assets by
value
% of
equity
held
% of
equity
managed
by UAML*
Surgical Innovations Group
Designer and manufacturer of minimally invasive
surgical instruments
2007
436
129
Medical equipment &
services
0.1
2.8
2.8
Renalytix (formerly Renalytix AI)
A developer of artificial intelligence enabled
diagnostic solutions
2018
1,425
88
Healthcare providers
0.7
0.7
Brighton Pier Group
Owner and operator of Brighton Pier and of
premium bars across the UK
2013
426
85
Travel & leisure
0.7
0.7
Surface Transforms
Developer and producer of carbon-ceramic brakes
2016
3,164
62
Automobiles & parts
1.4
1.4
Trellus Health
Provider of quality and expert-driven personalised
care for people 
with chronic conditions
2021
2,500
59
Healthcare providers
3.9
3.9
Dillistone Group
Provider of soſtware services to the executive
recruitment industry
2006
356
52
Soſtware & computer
services
7.8
7.8
Genedrive
Developing and commercialising a low cost, rapid,
versatile point-of-need diagnostics platform for the
diagnosis of infectious diseases
2016
706
21
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.2
0.2
Earnz (formerly Verditek)
Development and production of lightweight,
flexible solar panels
2020
1,500
13
Alternative energy
0.2
0.2
Getech Group
A leading petroleum and minerals consultancy
2016
188
13
Oil, gas & coal
0.4
0.4
Microsaic Systems
A high technology company which develops point-
of-need mass spectrometers, focussed on early
drug development and life science markets
2018
2,175
13
Electronic & electrical
equipment
0.7
0.7
Zoo Digital
Provider of soſtware services to the media,
entertainment and publishing industries
2016
3
10
Soſtware & computer
services
RUA Life Sciences
Intellectual property holding company of
biomedical polymer technology, components and
medical devices
2016
8
4
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.1
0.1
Cloudified Holdings(formerly Falanx Group)
Provider of proactive cyber defence, intelligence
and technology
2018
1,500
3
Industrial support
services
6.3
6.3
Cizzle Biotechnology Holdings
Designer and manufacturer of intelligent LED
lighting solutions for commercial and architectural
markets
2014
747
1
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
Distil
Owner and supplier of gin, vodka and liquor brands
2016
5
1
Beverages
0.1
0.1
112,608
112,365
56.3
* Unicorn Asset Management Limited.
18
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Investment Portfolio Summary
(continued)
at 30 September 2024
Year first
invested
Book
cost
£'000
Value
£'000
Market sector
% of net
assets by
value
% of
equity
held
% of
equity
managed
by UAML*
QUALIFYING UNQUOTED INVESTMENTS
Hasgrove
Digital marketing and communication services
2006
1,277
40,306
Media
20.2
25.9
25.9
nkoda Limited
Online provider of sheet music by subscription
2018
2,496
1,283
Soſtware & computer
services
0.7
10.5
10.5
Heartstone Inns
A group of individual Free Houses each with a
distinct character in locations across Southern
England
2014
1,112
766
Travel & leisure
0.4
7.6
7.6
Tribe Technologies - Loan stock
A disruptive developer and manufacturer of
autonomous mining equipment
2024
600
600
Industrial engineering
0.3
N/A
N/A
Phynova
A life science company that develops and
commercialises natural healthcare products
2018
1,500
301
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
0.2
5.3
5.3
LightwaveRF
A pioneer of the smart home technology sector
2017
2,616
279
Technology hardware
& equipment
0.1
9.9
9.9
Gama Aviation
Operator of privately owned passenger jet aircraſt
2010
760
231
Industrial
transportation
0.1
1.2
1.2
Saietta Group**
An engineering company specialising in propulsion
motors for a broad range of electric vehicles
2021
3,151
Automobiles & parts
1.8
1.8
British Honey Company (The)**
A UK based producer of spirits, honey and jams
2020
3,101
Beverages
16.6
16.6
Destiny Pharma**
A clinical phase biotechnology company dedicated
to the development of novel anti-infectives with a
focus on infection prevention
2020
2,500
Pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology
4.3
4.3
Uvenco***
Operator of vending machines
2008
2,102
Food & drug retailers
1.8
1.8
Bonhill Group***
Media and events company focused on the
financial and technology sectors
2007
1,812
Finance & credit
services
1.9
1.9
Trackwise Designs**
Manufacturer, to customer specification, of
specialist products using printed circuit technology
2018
1,750
Technology hardware
& equipment
0.3
0.3
Crawshaw Group***
Yorkshire based chain of retail butchers
2007
1,538
Food & drug retailers
6.4
6.4
Syndicate Room Group
Investment company and crowd funding platform
2016
1,250
Financial services
3.8
3.8
Kellan Group
A recruitment business operating across a wide
range of functional disciplines and industry sectors
2016
13
Industrial support
services
0.3
0.3
Miroma Holdings
Film and live entertainment advertising, marketing
and display agencies
2016
1
Media
27,579
43,766
22.0
TOTAL QUALIFYING INVESTMENTS
140,186
156,131
78.3
* Unicorn Asset Management Limited.
** In administration.
*** In liquidation.
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
19
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Year first
invested
Book
cost
£'000
Value
£'000
Market sector
% of net
assets by
value
% of
equity
held
% of
equity
managed
by UAML*
NON-QUALIFYING INVESTMENTS
BlackRock Cash Fund Class D (Unit Trust)
2023
5,086
5,089
Unit Trust
2.5
N/A
N/A
Royal London Short-Term Money Market Fund Y
(OEIC)
2023
4,994
5,007
OEIC
2.5
N/A
N/A
Unicorn Ethical Fund (OEIC) Income
2016
4,483
3,956
OEIC
2.0
N/A
N/A
NON-QUALIFYING FULLY LISTED EQUITIES
Unilever
2024
2,945
3,628
Personal care, drug &
grocery stores
1.8
Primary Health Properties
2024
3,016
3,032
Real estate investment
trusts
1.5
0.2
1.4
Londonmetric Property
2024
3,030
2,967
Real estate investment
trusts
1.5
0.1
0.5
Diageo
2024
2,975
2,785
Beverages
1.4
Lloyds Banking Group
2018
3,010
2,598
Banks
1.3
Schroders
2024
2,998
2,530
Investment banking &
brokerage services
1.3
0.2
Babcock International
2017
3,006
1,569
Aerospace & defence
0.8
0.1
0.1
NON-QUALIFYING AIM QUOTED ENTITIES
Avingtrans
2004
868
1,173
Industrial engineering
0.6
5.9
5.9
The Property Franchise Group (formerly
Belvoir Group)
2015
319
920
Real estate investment
& services
0.5
2.4
2.4
Diales (formerly Driver Group)
2006
561
150
Industrial support
services
0.1
3.1
3.1
Dillistone Group
2006
722
108
Soſtware & computer
services
7.8
7.8
NON-QUALIFYING UNQUOTED INVESTMENTS
Unlisted equities
205
TOTAL NON-QUALIFYING INVESTMENTS
38,218
35,512
17.8
TOTAL INVESTMENTS
178,405
191,643
96.1
Current assets
9,808
4.9
Current liabilities
(2,029)
(1.0)
NET ASSETS
199,422
100.0
* Unicorn Asset Management Limited.
Investment Portfolio Summary
(continued)
at 30 September 2024
20
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Unquoted Investments Summary
at 30 September 2024
Company
Value
£'000
% of
net assets
by value
£'000
Valuation
Basis
Date of
Latest
Accounts
Turnover
£'000
Profit/(loss)
Before Tax
£'000
Net assets/
(liabilities)
£'000
Hasgrove
40,306
20.2
Earnings multiple
31 Dec '23
37,032
9,907
13,344
nkoda Limited
1,283
0.7
Recent transaction
30 Sep '23
N/A
N/A
2,425
Heartstone Inns
766
0.4
Net asset value
31 Dec '23
9,692
15
14,640
Tribe Technology – Loan stock
600
0.3
Discounted cash flow
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Phynova
301
0.2
Earnings multiple
31 Dec '22
N/A
N/A
(3,661)
LightwaveRF
279
0.1
Recent transaction
31 Dec '23
N/A
N/A
12,477
Gama Aviation
231
0.1
Recent transaction
31 Dec '23
115,491
(16,248)
79,175
Saietta Group*
Full provision
31 Mar '23
2,103
(20,428)
29,189
British Honey Company (The)*
Full provision
31 Dec '21
7,957
(12,103)
810
Destiny Pharma*
Full provision
31 Dec '23
832
(6,446)
9,189
Uvenco**
Full provision
31 Dec '16
10,857
421
982
Bonhill Group**
Full provision
31 Dec '22
14,913
(6,271)
7,430
Trackwise Designs*
Full provision
31 Dec '21
8,011
(1,976)
24,451
Crawshaw Group**
Full provision
28 Jan '18
44,559
(13,521)
10,366
Syndicate Room Group
Full provision
31 Dec '23
718
(327)
683
Kellan Group
Full provision
31 Dec '22
24,341
1,013
3,337
Miroma Holdings
Full provision
30 Jun '23
255,640
1,373
37,850
The valuations of the unquoted portfolio are reviewed quarterly as discussed on pages 54 and 55.
* In administration.
** In liquidation.
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
|
Annual Report
|
2024
21
Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Financial and Performance Review
for the year ended 30 September 2024
Net Assets
As at 30 September 2024, the audited net assets of the Company
were £199.4 million, compared to £211.9 million on 1 October
2023. The decline in total net assets was primarily due to the
distribution of dividends to Shareholders. This was partially offset
by the support received from new and existing Shareholders
under the Offer for Subscription, which raised £19.5 million net of
costs and the reinvestment in the DRIS.
Performance during the year
As at 30 September 2024, the audited NAV of the Company
was 104.7 pence per share, having fallen by 17.9 pence from
122.6 pence per share at the start of the financial year under
review, compared with a fall of 12.2 pence per share in the
year ended 30 September 2023. Aſter adding back dividends
of 18.2 pence per share paid in the year, the total return to
Shareholders increased by 0.4 pence or 0.3% compared with a
decrease of 5.7 pence or 4.3% in the previous year. In comparison,
the total return from the FTSE AIM All-Share Total Return Index
was an increase of 3.9% over the year to 30 September 2024
(2023: 8.3% decline).
At the financial year end, there were 79 active VCT qualifying
and 10 non-qualifying investments held in the portfolio. These
investments are spread across 27 different sectors.
In the year to 30 September 2024, a total of £85.3 million was
realised through the sale of investments (including transfers from
money market funds of £39.5 million), approximately £66.9 million
was deployed in new investments (including transfers in to money
market funds of £37.5 million) and approximately £32.0 million
was paid out as dividends to Shareholders. A further £4.7 million
was spent on the operating costs of the Company and £4.9 million
on share buybacks.
Share Issues and Buybacks
The Company raised £19.5 million (aſter costs) through an Offer for Subscription and issued 18,692,025 shares at prices ranging from
106.97 pence to 110.38 pence per share depending on initial commissions paid by investors to their advisers. Full details are given in Note
13 on page 78.
In addition, the Company allotted 4,074,070 shares under the Dividend Reinvestment Scheme ("DRIS") at an average price of
107.16 pence per share.
During the year a total of 5,205,225 (2023: 3,398,754) shares representing 3% of the opening share capital, were bought back for
cancellation, at an average price of 93.86 pence per share (including costs), for a total cost of £4.9 million (2023: £3.8 million). Details are
shown below:
Date
Number of
shares
Price per share
pence
Discount to NAV
%
Total cost
£'000
15 March 2024
2,190,947
92.0
11.8
2,026
17 June 2024
1,689,372
95.5
11.3
1,621
15 August 2024
834,951
93.0
11.4
780
17 September 2024
489,955
93.0
10.8
458
5,205,225
4,885
Total Return
The Company generates returns and losses from both capital
growth and dividend income. For the year ended 30 September
2024, the total gain was £0.6 million (2023: loss £10.6 million),
of which there was a £0.5 million loss (2023: £11.1 million loss)
from capital and a £1.1 million gain (2023: £0.5 million gain) from
revenue. Full details of the total return can be found in the Income
Statement on page 65. The Company’s allocation of expenses is
described in Note 1 (g) on page 71.
The total net gains per share were 0.3p (2023: losses 6.2p). The
total net gains per share were made up of 0.3p loss from capital
and 0.6p gain from revenue.
Revenue Return
The income of £2.9 million (2023: £2.3 million) represents
dividend income derived from the Company’s investments and
interest on cash balances.
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Financial and Performance Review
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
Capital Return
At
the year end
the
investment
portfolio was valued at
£191.6 million (2023: £207.5 million). The investment portfolio
delivered realised gains on disposals of £5.7 million (2023:
£1.0 million) and unrealised valuation losses on investment
of £3.3 million (2023: £9.0 million). The valuation basis of
the Company’s investments is described in Note 1 (d) on
pages 69 and 70.
Ongoing Charges and Running Costs
The Ongoing Charges of the Company for the financial year under
review was 2.3% (2023: 2.2%) of average net assets, which remains
below the cap of 2.75%.
The total expenses amounted to £4.7 million (2023: £4.9 million)
and include investment management fees of £3.9 million (2023:
£4.2 million), Directors' fees of £0.1 million (2023: £0.1 million),
administrative service fees of £0.2 million (2023: £0.2 million)
and other third party service providers' fees of £0.2 million (2023:
£0.2 million).
Under the revised management agreement effective from
1 October 2018 and the side letter effective from 1 January 2022
and as shown in Note 3 on page 72, the Investment Manager
receives a management fee of 2% per annum of net assets up to
£200 million, 1.5% per annum of net assets in excess of £200 million
and 1% in excess of £450 million (other than on investments in
OEICs managed by the Investment Manager). Other expenses are
shown in Note 4 on page 73.
Further information in respect of the Company’s performance can
be found in the Financial Highlights on page 1.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
During the year the Company increased its cash balances
through the Offer for Subscription and the sale of investments.
This was offset by the purchase of investments, the payment
of running costs, share buybacks and dividends and at the
year end the cash balance had decreased to £4.4 million
(2023: £5.4 million). In addition, £10.1 million (2023: £12.1 million)
was held in money market funds.
Movement in net assets for the year ended 30 September 2024
Gains on
disposal of
investments
Movement in
investment
holding gains
Total
income
Total
expenses
£’000
Share
buybacks
Share issues
(incl. DRIS)
Dividends
paid
Net assets at
30 September
2023
Net assets at
30 September
2024
Increase
Decrease
Total
175,000
200,000
250,000
150,000
225,000
5,689
(3,267)
2,910
(4,707)
(4,885)
211,856
199,422
23,823
(31,997)
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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Financial Statements
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The bar charts below display the key indicators that the Board uses as Alternative Performance Measures ("APMs") to measure the
Investment Manager’s performance, thereby helping Shareholders to assess how the Company is performing against its objective.
NAV per share, cumulative dividends paid & cumulative total Shareholder return*
250
200
150
100
50
0
Pence per share
as at 30 September
Cumulative dividends paid
to previous year end
NAV per share
Dividends paid
during the year
300
10 year cumulative total
shareholder return increased
by 0.3 pence during the year
ended 30 September 2024 and
at that date totalled 78.7 pence
NAV per share decreased by
17.9 pence to 104.7 pence
during the year ended
30 September 2024
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
178.6
248.6
134.8
122.6
104.7
34.5
41.0
47.5
93.0
99.5
6.5
6.5
45.5
6.5
18.2
* The cumulative total Shareholder return since 30 September 2014, when the NAV per share was 143.7 pence, has been 78.7 pence representing the cumulative dividends paid
of 117.7 pence less a decrease in NAV per share of 39.0 pence since that date.
Including 3.0 pence interim dividend paid on 11 August 2022, a special interim dividend of 7.0 pence paid on 10 February 2023 and a special interim dividend of 32.0 pence
paid on 11 August 2022.
Including 3.0 pence interim dividend paid on 13 August 2024, and the final dividend of 3.5 pence and a special interim dividend of 11.7 pence paid on 14 February 2024.
Earnings per share*
The earnings per share for the year ended 30 September 2024, together with those of the previous four financial years are outlined in
the graph below:
Capital
Revenue
80
40
20
0
Pence per share
as at 30 September
-80
-20
2024
60
-40
-60
2020
2021
2022
2023
-0.3
+0.6
+34.7
-0.1
+75.4
-0.4
-67.1
-0.2
+0.3
-6.5
* Total earnings including unrealised gains/(losses) on investments aſter taxation divided by weighted average number of shares in issue.
The results underperformed the FTSE AIM Total Return Index, are disappointing and arise directly from falls in valuations during the year. The
Board keeps under review, but sees no reason to change the investment strategy.
Key Performance Indicators
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10 year annual and cumulative total return
Annual
Cumulative*
-20
Percentage Total Return
as at 30 September
40
120
100
80
60
-40
0
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
20
-4.3
54.6
20.3
-27.5
106.1
58.5
42.8
0.2
54.8
52.8
* The cumulative total return is based on the total return in the ten year period since 30 September 2014 when the NAV was 143.7 pence.
5 Year NAV and share price comparison
240
220
NAV
Share Price
Pence per share
September
2023
200
180
160
120
260
80
September
2021
September
2020
September
2019
September
2024
September
2022
March
2021
March
2020
March
2024
March
2023
March
2022
140
100
Key Performance Indicators
(continued)
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Financial Statements
Information
The Company is registered in England and Wales as a Public
Limited Company
(registration
number
04266437) and
is
approved as a Venture Capital Trust ("VCT") under section 274 of
the Income Tax Act 2007 (the “ITA”). In common with many other
VCTs, the Company revoked its status as an investment company
as defined in section 266 of the Companies Act 1985 on 17 August
2004, to make it possible to pay dividends from capital. A
summary of the VCT regulations is shown on page 90.
The Company’s shares are listed on the London Stock Exchange
main market under the code UAV and ISIN GB00B1RTFN43.
The Company is an externally managed fund with a Board
currently
comprising
four
non-executive
Directors
(five
with effect from 2 October 2024). Investment management
and operational support are outsourced to external service
providers, with the strategic and operational framework and
key policies set and monitored by the Board as described
in the diagram below. Further information on the service
providers is outlined in the Corporate Governance Statement on
pages 51 and 52.
The Board has overall responsibility for the Company’s affairs
including the determination of its investment policy. Risk is
spread by investing in a number of different businesses across
different industry sectors. The Investment Manager is responsible
for managing sector and stock specific risk and the Board does
not impose formal limits in respect of such exposures. However,
in order to maintain compliance with HMRC rules for VCTs and to
ensure that an appropriate spread of investment risk is achieved,
the Board receives and reviews comprehensive reports from the
Investment Manager on a monthly basis. When the Investment
Manager proposes to make any investment in unlisted securities,
the prior approval of the Board is required.
A summary of the relationship between the Board, the
Company’s Shareholders and external service providers is
depicted below:
The Company and its Business Model
Investors
Primarily retail.
Aged over 18.
Resident in UK.
The Company
Board of Independent Non-Executive Directors
Responsible for setting and monitoring
investment and other key policies.
CAPITAL
DIVIDEND DISTRIBUTIONS
AND SHARE BUYBACKS
OPERATIONS
OUTSOURCED
Company Secretary and Administrator
ISCA Administration Services Limited
Investment Manager
Unicorn Asset Management Limited
Responsible for implementing the
Investment Policy and identifying
suitable investments and realisations.
Registrar
The City Partnership (UK) Limited
Custodian
Bank of New York Mellon
Broker
Panmure Liberum Limited
Investee Companies
Predominantly AIM Quoted.
Display characteristics set out
in Investment Policy.
OPERATIONS
OUTSOURCED
INFORMATION
VCT Tax Adviser
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
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In order to achieve the Company’s investment objective, the
Board has agreed an investment policy which requires the
Investment Manager to identify and invest in a diversified portfolio,
predominantly of VCT qualifying companies quoted on AIM that
display a majority of the following characteristics:
experienced and well-motivated management;
products and services supplying growing markets;
sound operational and financial controls; and
potential for good cash generation, in due course,
to finance ongoing development and support for a
progressive dividend policy.
Asset
allocation
and
risk
diversification
policies,
including
maximum exposures, are to an extent governed by prevailing VCT
legislation. No single holding may represent more than 15% (by
VCT value) of the Company’s total investments and cash, at the
date of investment.
There are a number of VCT conditions which need to be met
by the Company which may change from time to time. The
Investment Manager will seek to make qualifying investments in
accordance with such requirements.
Asset mix
Where capital is available for investment while awaiting suitable
VCT qualifying opportunities, or is in excess of the 80% VCT
qualification threshold for accounting periods commencing
aſter 6 April 2019 (previously 70%), it may be held in cash or
invested in money market funds, collective investment vehicles
or non-qualifying shares and securities of fully listed companies
registered in the UK.
Borrowing
To
date
the
Company
has
operated
without
recourse
to
borrowing. The Board may, however, consider the possibility of
introducing modest levels of gearing up to a maximum of 10% of
the adjusted capital and reserves, should circumstances suggest
that such action is in the interests of Shareholders.
The effect of any borrowing is discussed further on page 43
under "AIFMD".
Investment Objective
The Company’s investment objective is to provide Shareholders
with an attractive return from a diversified portfolio of investments,
predominantly
in
the
shares
of
AIM
quoted
companies,
by maintaining a steady flow of dividend distributions to
Shareholders from the income as well as capital gains generated
by the portfolio.
It is also the objective that the Company should continue to qualify
as a Venture Capital Trust, so that Shareholders benefit from the
taxation advantages that this brings. To achieve this, at least 80%
for accounting periods commencing aſter 6 April 2019 (previously
70%) of the Company’s total assets are to be invested in qualifying
investments of which 70% by VCT value (30% in respect of
investments made before 6 April 2018 from funds raised before
6 April 2011) must be in ordinary shares which carry no preferential
rights (save as permitted under VCT rules) to dividends or return
of capital and no rights to redemption.
Investment Policy
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The Board sets the Company’s policies and objectives and ensures that its obligations to Shareholders are met. Besides the Investment
Policy already referred to, the other key policies set by the Board are outlined below.
Dividend policy
The Board remains committed to a policy of maintaining a steady
flow of dividend distributions to Shareholders from the income
and capital gains generated by the portfolio.
The ability to pay dividends and the amount of such dividends is
at the Board's discretion and is influenced by the performance of
the Company’s investments, available distributable reserves and
cash, as well as the need to retain funds for further investment and
payment of ongoing fees and expenses.
Details of the Company's Dividend Reinvestment Scheme are
outlined on page 87.
Share buybacks and discount policy
The Board believes that it is in the best interests of the Company
and its Shareholders to make market purchases of its shares from
time to time.
There are three main advantages to be gained from maintaining a
flexible approach to share buybacks; namely:
1. Regular share buybacks provide a reliable mechanism
through which Shareholders can realise their investment
in the Company, rather than being reliant on a very limited
secondary market.
2. Share buybacks, when carried out at a discount to
underlying net assets, help modestly to enhance NAV per
share for continuing Shareholders.
3.
Implementing share buybacks on a regular basis helps to
control the discount to NAV.
The Board decides the level of discount to NAV at which shares
will be bought back and keeps this under regular review. The
Board seeks to maintain a balance between the interests of those
wishing to sell their shares and continuing Shareholders.
The Company has continued to buy back shares for cancellation
at various points throughout the financial year in accordance with
the above policy. Details of the shares purchased for cancellation
are shown on pages 22 and 78. At the financial year end, the
Company’s shares were quoted at a mid price of 93.5 pence per
share representing a discount to NAV per share of 10.7%.
The Board intends to continue with the above share buyback
policy. Any future repurchases will be made in accordance with
guidelines established by the Board from time to time and will be
subject to the Company having the appropriate authorities from
Shareholders and sufficient funds available for this purpose. Share
buybacks will also be subject to prevailing market conditions,
Market Abuse Rules and any other applicable law at the relevant
time. Shares bought back are cancelled.
Key Policies
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The Directors of the Company are required under the Companies
Act 2006 ("the Act") to act in a way that they consider is in good
faith to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its
members, the Shareholders. Furthermore, under s172 of the Act,
the Directors should consider other stakeholder groups and any
long-term consequences of decisions made. Stakeholders for
consideration would be employees (if any), third-party service
providers,
suppliers,
customers
and
others.
When
making
decisions the Directors should take into account the needs of each
of these stakeholders, whilst recognising that some stakeholders
may have conflicting priorities. It is acknowledged that not all
decisions made can be to the benefit of all stakeholder groups.
Like similar Venture Capital Trusts and Investment Companies,
the Company does not have any employees or customers
and relies on a number of third-party providers of services
such as the Investment Manager, the Administrator, Custodian
and the Registrar to maintain its operations. The Company
takes into account the regulations applicable to the market in
which it operates and has regard to the environment and the
wider community in which it operates.
Every month, and at each Board meeting, the Directors receive
and review a summary of the performance of the Company
in relation to meeting the Company’s investment objective.
Key representatives of the Investment Manager attend Board
meetings to report directly to the Board and answer any questions
raised. The financial performance is reviewed against the Key
Performance Indicators as set by the Board and compared to
those competitors in its peer group. Compliance with existing
legal and regulatory requirements is reviewed, together with
any new regulations that are to be introduced in the future or
are being proposed. Any new regulations are discussed and their
potential impact on the Company and its stakeholders assessed.
The Directors receive updates from the Company's Broker, and
the Company Secretary on the share trading activity and share
price performance including the discount to Net Asset Value.
The Board considers the following:
the likely consequences of any decisions in the long-term;
the need to foster the Company’s business relationships
with service suppliers;
the
impact
of
the
Company’s
operations
on
the community and environment;
the desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation
for high standards of business conduct, and
the need to act fairly as between Shareholders of the
Company.
This is undertaken through:
Engaging with Shareholders
The
Board
recognises
the
importance
of
and
is committed to understanding the views of Shareholders and
maintaining communication with its Shareholders in the most
appropriate manner.
Annual General Meeting
The Company encourages all Shareholders
to attend and
participate at its AGM. Whilst the formal business is the primary
purpose of the meeting, members of the Board are available to
answer questions directly from Shareholders. The Investment
Manager presents a summary of the Company’s performance
for the year under review and the current composition of the
portfolio, and the Board invites a representative of one of the
investee companies to provide an update to the meeting offering
Shareholders an insight into their business.
To complement the Shareholders attending in person, the
Company offered non-attending Shareholders the ability to
view the meeting held on 7 February 2024, on Zoom, and to put
questions to the Investment Manager and the Board.
Section 172(1) Statement
Unicorn AIM VCT plc
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As reported on pages 43 and 44, it is intended to hold the AGM
on 12 February 2025 and invite Shareholders to attend and meet
the Board and Investment Manager. The Company will again seek
to provide an online broadcast of the AGM and the Manager’s
presentations to allow Shareholders unable to attend in person an
opportunity to listen to the meeting. Questions may be submitted
ahead of the day and it is anticipated that questions can be put to
the Investment Manager and Directors.
To assist Shareholders who might not wish to attend in person,
voting at the AGM will be on a poll, including all proxy votes cast,
therefore all Shareholders are encouraged to submit their proxy
votes in accordance with the Notice of Annual General Meeting on
pages 92 to 96 of this report. To ensure that all Shareholders can
ask questions of the Board you are invited to submit these by email
ahead of the meeting.
Published Reports
The Company produces the Annual Report and Financial
Statements which are posted to all Shareholders who have
requested to receive hard copies and made available to others
through the Company’s website. To further reduce the impact
of printing and posting material to Shareholders the Company
no longer prints the Half-Yearly Report, however copies will be
available to view and download from the Company’s website.
Shareholders who have notified the Registrar of their email
address will be notified of the publication of the Half-Yearly
Report. The publication of these reports is considered the prime
method of communication with Shareholders and other readers
of the reports and provides detailed information on the portfolio,
performance over the period and assessment of the outlook for
the Company. Reports from the various committees of the Board
are included, as are descriptions of the Company’s corporate
governance arrangements. Whilst the structure and layout of
these reports is oſten prescribed by regulatory requirements
the Board seeks to ensure that the report is readable and is
mindful that it should be fair, balanced and understandable. The
Company produces a Key Information Document ("KID") and
has engaged a third party supplier to monitor and update this
document as necessary.
Shareholder enquiries
Shareholders can contact the Company or any of its Directors
through the Company Secretary or by post to the Registered
Office
address.
Although
the
Directors
are
Non-Executive
and therefore not available full time, with the assistance of the
Company Secretary they seek to maintain open communications
with Shareholders. Charlotta Ginman is its Senior Independent
Director ("SID"). Should Shareholders wish to contact the
Board they should initially contact the Company Secretary. If
Shareholders have concerns which have failed to be resolved
through the Chair or Investment Manager, or where such contact
may be inappropriate, they may contact the SID through the
Company Secretary.
The enquiries this year have covered topics such as the fall in
share price and NAV, the share price discount to NAV, and the
decision to withhold dividends from Shareholders who have not
provided information to enable them to be sanction-checked.
The Directors discuss these matters at Board meetings and take
action where they feel it is appropriate to do so.
Other Stakeholders
Investee Companies
The Company’s performance is dependent upon the performance
of its underlying investee companies. The Investment Manager
seeks to identify companies in which long term investments
can be made. In addition, the Investment Manager does not
seek, nor have, board representation in any of the Company's
investee companies. For these reasons, it is particularly important
that communication between the Investment Manager and the
management teams of the Company's investee companies is both
effective and regular in nature.
Key Suppliers
The Board recognises the key relationship the Company has with
its Investment Manager and its importance to the overall success
of the Company. Representatives of the Investment Manager
attend all Board meetings and are in regular contact with the
Directors outside formal meetings, to ensure that communication
is maintained.
The Company Secretary and Administrator, ISCA Administration
Services Limited ("ISCA"), is oſten the primary contact point
for
financial
advisers
and
stakeholders
in
the
Company.
Regular communication is maintained between ISCA and the
Directors, in order to share up-to-date information concerning
the Company.
Section 172(1) Statement
(continued)
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Other Suppliers
As stated above the Company relies on the provision of outside
parties to operate and has engaged with a number of third parties
to run its affairs and meet its regulatory obligations. The Board
and its Committees undertake a review of all the key third party
suppliers at least annually to ensure that they are providing the
Company with the required level of service.
Regulators
The Company operates in an environment that is governed by
legal and regulatory requirements, which prescribe what the
Company can undertake and how it can operate. The Board
recognises that these restrictions are in place to protect the
Company's stakeholders, including the government which
provides tax incentives to investors in the Company. The
tightening of the State Aid regulations from April 2019 has
resulted in a necessary shiſt towards earlier stage investments
in order to maintain Shareholders' tax advantages. The State Aid
regulations will expire in April 2035.
Environment and Community
As the Company does not have any employees nor any
physical office environment of its own it has little direct
impact on the community or the environment. In relation
to the Company’s own practices the Company encourages
electronic communication to reduce paper usage, has withdrawn
its dividend by cheque service and the printing of the Half-Yearly
Report, and has taken advantage at times of electronic meetings.
Where we are required to print Annual Reports we will use recycled
paper and offset our carbon footprint by supporting recognised
carbon offset projects.
With the exception of the Company's few unquoted investments
our Investment Manager has a discretionary mandate to invest
on the Company's behalf and we are therefore reliant on its
processes and practices to deliver the policy. The Investment
Manager has developed its Environmental, Social and Governance
("ESG") processes signing up to the UN Principles of Responsible
Investing ("UNPRI") and the Net Zero Manager's Initiative. This
has resulted in defining certain ‘no-go sectors’, setting-up an ESG
questionnaire for new investments and reviewing the practices
of existing portfolio companies. The work undertaken on ESG is
described on page 32.
Other
Fundraising
Every year, the Directors consider whether to raise additional
funds. They take account of the need to invest new money in
qualifying investments, the risks of poor investment decisions,
and the impact upon existing Shareholders. New investment has
to comply with the timetable to meet State Aid regulations. Having
considered a fundraising the Company announced a £15 million
offer with a further £5 million over-allotment faculty, in January
2024. Applications under the offer opened approximately two
weeks aſter the offer was announced to allow investors time to
prepare for the application process. Interest was strong and
having opened on 8 February 2024, the offer was closed, fully
subscribed, on 15 February 2024. Following further discussions,
the Board has announced that it intends to raise up to £25 million
in the current tax year.
Dividends
A special interim dividend of 11.7 pence per share was paid to
Shareholders on 14 February 2024 following the successful
acquisition of Abcam by Danaher Corporation. In addition, the
Company continued with the payment of an interim dividend
and a proposed final dividend payment of 3.5 pence will be
made on 21 February 2025 to Shareholders on the register as at
3 January 2025.
In addition, the Board has declared a special dividend of
6.0 pence per share following the sale of Mattioli Woods and
Keywords Studios. This special dividend will be paid alongside
the final dividend on 21 February 2025.
Decision-making
The Board recognises that all material decisions it makes will
impact the various stakeholders to a greater or lesser degree
and it seeks to assess that impact when making any decision. It
acknowledges the need to act fairly between members of the
Company when considering the buyback of the Company's shares
and the publishing of a prospectus for the issue of new shares.
Section 172(1) Statement
(continued)
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Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Report
for the year ended 30 September 2024
The Board continues to support the Investment Manager's
approach to ESG. The Board and the Investment Manager
remain
committed
to
advancing
ESG
integration
and
consideration within its investment process. The Investment
Manager continues to develop this area, allocating increased
resources to support further development. The Investment
Manager's ESG team has expanded to include a Head of
Sustainability, an ESG Risk Executive, and an ESG Associate, all
operating under the oversight of the ESG Committee. Unicorn
Asset Management continues to be a signatory to the United
Nations Principles for Responsible Investment and the Net Zero
Asset Managers Initiative.
The Investment Manager continues to prioritise the following areas
when engaging with VCT companies: improving transparency
and completeness of sustainability and climate related disclosure
in annual reporting and supporting companies’ development
towards more refined net zero alignment and climate risk
management considerations. The Investment Manager reported
18 strategic ESG engagements with investee companies over the
period. The Investment Manager remains mindful that while many
of the portfolio companies are not required to report on emissions,
there has been continued emphasis to formalise targets wherever
feasible. The Investment Manager has been encouraged by
investee companies within the Company's portfolio continuing
to remain open and supportive of engagement regarding ESG
matters. Around 37% of investee companies (with a market value
greater than £1 million) have now made a formal commitment
towards net zero alignment.
The Investment Manager continues to see opportunities to
allocate capital to innovative, early-stage businesses, which
have commercial models aligned with environmental, social and/
or governance themes. Recent examples include Incanthera and
Equipmake Holdings. Incanthera is a UK-based dermatology and
oncology company focused on developing innovative therapies
for autoimmune diseases. The Company's mission focuses on
improving patient lives and reducing healthcare costs. Through
successful drug development, there is greater potential to
reduce the long-term healthcare costs associated with managing
autoimmune diseases. Equipmake is a British engineering and
manufacturing company which specialises in electric drivetrain
systems
for
commercial
vehicles.
Equipmake
focuses
on
developing innovative and efficient electric drivetrain systems,
including motors, inverters, and battery packs. Their solutions are
designed to meet the growing demand for electric commercial
vehicles and support the transition to a more sustainable
transportation sector.
The
Investment
Manager
recognises
the
importance
of
stewardship and shareholder engagement, which remain integral
to the investment process. Regular meetings with company
management teams provide the Investment Manager with
a valuable forum for dialogue, monitoring and appraisal of
investee companies. The Investment Manager actively exercises
voting rights to ensure that the investee companies act in the
best interests of the Company’s shareholders. During the financial
year ended 30 September 2024, the Investment Manager voted
on a total of 951 Resolutions, and voted against Management on
Resolutions proposed on 46 separate occasions, representing
5% of total voting activity in the period. The Resolutions that the
Investment Manager actively decided to oppose were mainly
around Corporate Governance, with particular focus on director
election and remuneration. In the interests of transparency, the
Investment Manager has chosen to publish its voting history on
the Unicorn Asset Management website.
32
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Principal and Emerging Risks
The Directors have carried out a robust review of the principal and emerging risks faced by the Company as part of its internal controls
process, as outlined below. Note 17 to the Financial Statements on pages 80 to 85 also provides information on the Company’s financial
risk management objectives and exposure to risks. The Directors' process for monitoring these risks is shown below.
During the year the Board has reviewed in detail its approach to risk. It has sought to identify new and emerging risks alongside the
principal risks faced by the Company and the mitigating steps being taken by both the Board and the Company’s service providers to
reduce the impact of each risk. The results have been summarised in a heat map and are reviewed for sensitivity quarterly.
During the review with the key service providers, evidence was requested of the mitigating actions being taken and on which the Board
is relying. Balance sheet reconciliations, asset valuations and VCT qualification being examples of such reviews.
Two additional initiatives have been worked on this year in relation to risk.
Firstly, the Audit Committee has further developed its scenario planning in order to greater understand our vulnerability to
a combination of adverse events and the necessity for further mitigating actions.
Secondly, we have been documenting for the first time our 'risk appetite' in relation to each of our 7 key risks in order to guide
both our service providers and our own actions. We have categorised our appetite as either Low, Medium or High and the current
position is detailed below.
Risk
Appetite
Risk
Possible consequence
How the Board
monitors
and mitigates risk
Movement
in risk during
the year
Investment
– High
Strategy
– Low but
rising
1. Investment
and strategic
risk
Unsuitable investment strategy or investment
selection
could
lead
to
poor
returns
to
Shareholders.
Regular review of investment strategy by
the Board.
Monitoring of the performance of the
investment portfolio on a regular basis.
All
purchases
or
sales
of
unquoted
investments
require
prior
authorisation
from the Board.
Low
2. Regulatory
and tax risk
The Company is required to comply with the
Companies Act 2006, ITA, AIFMD (as applicable
to small registered UK AIFMs), FCA Listing Rules
and UK Accounting Standards. Breaching these
rules may result in a public censure, suspension
from the Official List and/or financial penalties.
There is a risk that the Company may lose its
VCT status under the ITA. Should this occur,
Shareholders may lose any upfront income tax
relief and be taxed on any future dividends and
capital gains if they dispose of their shares.
Regulatory and legislative developments
are kept under close review by the Board,
the
Investment
Manager,
Company
Secretary and Administrator.
The Company’s VCT qualifying status is
continually reviewed by the Investment
Manager and the Administrator.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP
has
been
retained by the Board to undertake a bi-
annual independent VCT status monitoring
role.
Low
3. Operational
risk
The
Company
has
no
employees
and
is
therefore
reliant
on
third
party
service
providers. Failure of the systems at third party
service providers could lead to inaccurate
reporting or monitoring. Inadequate controls
could lead to the misappropriation of assets.
Internal control reports are provided by
service providers on an annual basis.
The Board considers the performance of
the service providers annually and monitors
activity on a monthly basis.
The Board discusses succession planning
with its key service providers.
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Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Principal and Emerging Risks
(continued)
Risk
Appetite
Risk
Possible consequence
How the Board
monitors
and mitigates risk
Movement
in risk during
the year
Low
4. Fraud,
dishonesty and
cyber risks
Fraud involving Company assets may occur,
perpetrated by a third party, the Investment
Manager or other service provider.
Cyber attacks on the Company could lead
to financial loss and impact the Company's
reputation.
Internal control reports are provided by
service providers on a regular basis.
The Administrator is independent of the
Investment Manager.
The Company minimises as far as practical
the amount of personal data held by service
providers and the Board.
All
service
providers
use
third
party
professionals
to
review
cyber
security
exposure
and
act
on
any
material
recommendations made.
Low
5. Financial
Instrument risks
The main risks arising from the Company’s
financial instruments are from fluctuations in
their market prices, interest rates, credit risk
and liquidity risk.
The Board regularly reviews and agrees
policies
for
managing
these
risks and
further details can be found in Note 17 on
pages 80 to 85.
High
6. Economic
and political
risks
Events such as recession, inflation or deflation,
movements in interest rates and technological
change can affect trading conditions and
consequently the value of the Company’s
investments.
Other
geopolitical
issues
may
affect
the
Company's performance at both macro and
micro economic level.
Labour and material shortages may affect the
value of the Company's investments.
Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the current
situation in the Middle East could adversely
affect investee companies.
While no single policy can obviate such
risks, the Company invests in a diversified
portfolio of companies, whilst seeking to
maintain adequate liquidity.
The Board liaises with the Investment
Manager to obtain an understanding of the
impact on the investee companies.
The
Investment
Manager
reviews
the
impact of staff availability, raw materials
availability, energy supply and inflationary
impact on portfolio companies.
High
7. Black Swan
events
Events such as pandemics could adversely
affect
investee
companies
and/or
service
providers.
Environmental disasters may adversely affect
investee companies and/or service providers.
The Board liaises with the Investment
Manager to obtain an understanding of the
impact on the investee companies.
The
Investment
Manager
reviews
the
impact of staff availability, raw materials
availability, energy supply and inflationary
impact on portfolio companies.
The Board is responsible for assessing the possibility of new and emerging risks and, in addition to the principal risks, the Board has
identified the following emerging risks:
Risk
Possible consequence
How the Board
monitors and mitigates risk
Emerging risks
The physical impact of climate change on
investee companies.
The changes to investee company business
models brought about by the need to reduce
carbon footprints.
The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence
("AI") and its effect on investee companies
although AI will also have positive effects on
some investee companies.
Increasing the influence of ESG matters around
investment decisions.
Investment Manager focus on these issues when
reviewing the portfolio.
34
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
The Regulatory Environment
The Board and Investment Manager are required to consider the regulatory environment when setting the Company’s strategy and
making investment decisions. A summary of the key considerations is outlined below.
Social and community issues, employees, and human rights
The Board recognises the requirement under section 14C of the
Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”) to provide information about
social and community issues, employees and human rights;
including any policies it has in relation to these matters and the
effectiveness of these policies. As the Company has no employees,
and all Directors are non-executive, the Company has no formal
policies in respect of these matters. The Board seeks to conduct
the Company’s affairs responsibly and expects the Investment
Manager to consider human rights implications when making
investment decisions.
Recruitment and succession planning
As reported last year Jeremy Hamer indicated his intention to
step down at the AGM in 2025. The Board engaged an external
recruitment agency with a view to making an appointment.
During this process the Board undertook an assessment of key
skills the suitable candidate should possess, furthermore, it was
agreed the process would also take account of Board diversity. On
2 October 2024, Julian Bartlett was appointed to the Board. The
Company will continue to look to refresh its Board and will take
into account regulatory guidance on diversity when making future
appointments.
Diversity
The Board is aware of the requirement of Listing Rule 9.8.6R and
the composition of the Board. As disclosed on page 51 the Board
does not meet the requirement to have at least one director from
an ethnic minority. Being externally managed and comprising of
only four (five from 2 October 2024) non-executive directors there
is reduced scope to fully comply with the requirements. However,
the Board will continue to consider these requirements in any
recruitment process.
Anti-bribery, corruption and tax evasion policy
The Company has a zero tolerance approach to bribery and tax
evasion. It is the Company’s policy to conduct all of its business
in an honest and ethical manner and it is committed to acting
professionally, fairly and with integrity in all of its business dealings
and relationships.
Directors and service providers must not promise, offer, give,
request, agree to receive or accept a financial or other advantage in
return for favourable treatment, to influence a business outcome
or to gain any other business advantage on behalf of themselves or
of the Company or encourage others to do so.
The Company has communicated its anti-bribery policy to each
of its service providers. It requires each of its service providers to
have policies in place which reflect the key principles of this policy
and procedures and which demonstrate that they have adopted
procedures of an equivalent standard to those instituted by the
Company.
Further
information
relating
to
the Company’s anti-bribery
policy can be found on its website: www.unicornaimvct.co.uk.
A full copy of the Company's anti-bribery policy and procedures
can be obtained from the Company Secretary by sending an email
to: unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk.
Environmental and social responsibility
Full details of the Company's and Investment Manager's approach
can be found on page 32.
In relation to the Company’s own practices the Company
encourages electronic communication to reduce paper usage, has
withdrawn its dividend by cheque service and the printing of the
Half-Yearly Report, and has taken advantage at times of electronic
meetings. Where we are required to print Annual Reports, we will
use recycled paper and offset our carbon footprint.
Viability Statement
The Board's assessment of the ability of the Company to meet all
liabilities when due and that it can continue to operate for a period
of at least twelve months from the date of signing the Annual
Report is shown in the Going Concern Statement on page 43.
Under the UK Corporate Governance Code there is a requirement
that the Board performs a robust assessment of the Company's
principal and emerging risks and include disclosures in the Annual
Report that describe the principal risks and the procedures
in place to identify emerging risks and explain how they are
being managed or mitigated. The last review was performed
in November 2024.
The Directors have considered the viability of the Company
as part of their continuing programme of monitoring risk and
conclude that five years is a reasonable time horizon to consider
the continuing viability of the Company. This is also in line with the
requirement for the Company to continue in operation so investors
subscribing for new shares issued by the Company can hold their
shares for the minimum five year period to allow them to benefit
from the tax incentives offered when those shares were issued.
The last allotment of shares under the Offer for Subscription
took
place in March 2024 and under the DRIS in August 2024.
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
The Directors consider that the Company is viable for the five year
time horizon for the following reasons:
At
the
year
end
the
Company
had
a
diversified
investment portfolio in addition to its VCT qualifying
investments comprising: £19.1 million invested in non-
qualifying, fully listed shares which are readily realisable,
a further £14.1 million in daily dealing open ended funds,
and £4.4 million in cash. The Company therefore has
sufficient immediate liquidity in the portfolio for any near
term requirements.
The Company has undertaken a stress-testing exercise
on the portfolio and operating environment and the
outcome supports the assessment of viability.
The Ongoing Charges ratio of the Company as calculated
using the AIC recommended methodology equates to
2.3% of net assets.
The Board anticipates that there will continue to be
suitable qualifying investments available that will enable
the Company to maintain its operations over the five year
time horizon.
The Company has no debt or other external funding apart
from its ordinary shares.
The payment of dividends and buybacks are at the
discretion of the Board.
The continuation of the State Aid regulations to 2035.
In order to maintain viability, the Company has a risk control
framework as shown on pages 33 and 34 which has the objective
of reducing the likelihood and impact of: poor judgement in
decision-making, risk-taking that exceeds the levels agreed by
the Board, human error, or control processes being deliberately
circumvented. These controls are reviewed by the Board on a
regular basis to ensure that controls are working as prescribed.
In addition, formal reviews of all service providers are undertaken
annually and activity is monitored at least monthly.
In its assessment of the viability of the Company, the Board has
recognised factors such as the continuation of the current State
Aid regulations to 2035, the ability of the Company to raise money
from future Offers for Subscription and there being sufficient VCT
qualifying investment opportunities available.
The Directors have also considered the viability of the Company
should there be a slowdown in the economy or a correction of
the markets leading to lower dividend receipts and asset values.
As stated above, Ongoing Charges equate to 2.3% of net assets
of which the Investment Management fee (as reduced by the
Company's investment in Unicorn funds) equates to 2.0% of
net assets up to £200 million and 1.5% of net assets in excess of
£200 million. In November 2021 the Company entered into an
agreement with the Investment Manager to reduce fees to 1%
for any assets exceeding £450 million. As these fees are based on
a percentage of assets any fall in the value of net assets will result in
a corresponding fall in the major expense of the Company.
The
Directors
have concluded
that
there
is a
reasonable
expectation that the Company can continue in operation over the
five year period.
Prospects
The prospects for the Company are discussed in detail in the
Outlook section of the Chair’s Statement on page 5.
For and on behalf of the Board
Tim Woodcock
Chair
5 December 2024
The Regulatory Environment
(continued)
36
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Board of Directors
Tim Woodcock
Status: Independent, non-
executive Chair
Skills and experience:
Tim Woodcock qualified as a Chartered Accountant at PwC. He
is an experienced company director who has held a number
of main board roles for both public and private companies. He
also has considerable Investment Management experience – in
2008 he co-founded Oakfield Capital Partners, a private equity
firm specialising in investing and developing fast growing UK
smaller companies.
Other appointments:
Tim is a director of a number of private companies in which he
holds a significant shareholding. These include Jolly Fine Pub
Group Ltd, Secure Parking and Storage Ltd, and Taylor Asset
Management Ltd.
Rationale for re-election:
Tim’s financial understanding and extensive board experience
makes him well placed to Chair the Board of your Company. In
addition, he brings extensive experience as an investor in smaller
fast-growing UK companies and, as such, is well placed to review
both the performance of the VCT and its Investment Manager.
Length of service as at 30 September 2024:
5 years, 3 months
Last elected to the Board:
7 February 2024
Committee memberships:
Audit Committee
Remuneration 2023/2024:
£37,500
Relevant relationships with the Investment Manager or other
service providers:
None
Relevant relationships with investee companies:
None
Shared directorships with other Directors:
None
Other public company directorships (not disclosed above):
None
Shareholding in the Company:
114,447 Ordinary shares
Charlotta Ginman
Status: Senior independent,
non-executive Director
Skills and experience:
Charlotta Ginman, FCA, qualified as a Chartered Accountant at
Ernst & Young before spending a career in investment banking
and commercial organisations, principally in technology and
telecoms related industries. Former employers include S.G.
Warburg (now UBS), Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan and Nokia
Corporation.
Other appointments:
Charlotta is a non-executive director and audit committee chair
for Gamma Communications plc and the senior independent
director and audit committee chair for Boku Inc. Charlotta also
sits on the board of JPMorgan Indian Investment Trust PLC.
Rationale for re-election:
Charlotta has recent and relevant financial expertise with
a
strong
accounting
background
which
enables
her
to
add depth to discussions around the Company’s Financial
Statements, comparisons to both peers and industry trends as
well as being up to date on relevant governance issues.
Length of service as at 30 September 2024:
8 years, 3 months
Last elected to the Board:
7 February 2024
Committee memberships:
Audit Committee
Remuneration 2023/2024:
£33,500
Relevant relationships with the Investment Manager or other
service providers:
None
Relevant relationships with investee companies:
Shareholder and non-executive director of Keywords Studios plc
until 23 October 2024.
Shared directorships with other Directors:
None
Other public company directorships (not disclosed above):
None
Shareholding in the Company (including connected persons):
39,198 Ordinary shares
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Board of Directors
(continued)
Jeremy Hamer
Status: Independent, non-
executive Director
Chair of the Audit
Committee
Skills and experience:
Jeremy qualified as a Chartered Accountant and went into
industry aſter 3 years abroad with Coopers and Lybrand. Initially
in finance roles he moved into general management leading a
significant turnaround for a private food group. Aſter a 5-year
stint in venture capital he became a plural NXD on a number of
AIM company Boards as well developing a business coaching
practice. Today he continues to coach.
Other appointments:
None
Rationale for re-election:
Jeremy is not seeking re-election at the forthcoming AGM.
Length of service as at 30 September 2024:
14 years, 6 months
Last re-elected to the Board:
7 February 2024
Committee memberships:
Audit Committee (Chair)
Remuneration 2023/2024:
£36,000
Relevant relationships with the Investment Manager or other
service providers:
None
Relevant relationships with investee companies:
Shareholder of Pulsar Group plc
Shared directorships with other Directors:
None
Other public company directorships (not disclosed above):
None
Shareholding in the Company:
30,202 Ordinary shares
Josephine Tubbs
Status: Independent non-
executive Director
Skills and experience:
Josephine Tubbs is an independent non-executive director,
financial
consultancy
co-founder
and
a
practising
lawyer.
Josephine has over 30 years’ experience as a lawyer and
regulatory adviser in the authorised funds and asset management
sector having started her career in private practice. For 25 years
Josephine worked as Head of Legal, initially for Framlington
Group and then AXA Investment Managers (AXA IM), where
she was promoted to General Secretary UK in 2020. During her
time at AXA IM, Josephine served on its Executive Committee
and the board of several authorised Irish investment funds and
management companies. At the end of 2022 Josephine leſt AXA
IM to focus on several part time roles She holds a law degree
from Bristol University and qualified as a solicitor at Simmons &
Simmons in 1992.
Other appointments:
Josephine is a senior lawyer at Better Society Capital Limited,
the UK’s largest social impact investor and an independent
non-executive director of Makrana Dunmore Singapore Fund
Pte, Ltd and Dunmore Alternative Multi-Manager ICAV, an Irish
umbrella investment fund authorised by the Central Bank of
Ireland which is a multi- manager hedge fund platform.
Rationale for re-election:
Josephine
brings
both
legal,
regulatory
and
investment
experience to board discussions and decisions and corporate
governance expertise. She has also acted as a non-executive
director for AXA IM Irish entities for several years bringing
existing experience as a non-executive director on investment
fund boards prior to joining the Board in May 2022.
Length of service as at 30 September 2024:
2 years, 4 months
Last elected to the Board:
7 February 2024
Committee memberships:
Audit Committee
Remuneration 2023/2024:
£30,500
Relevant relationships with the Investment Manager or other
service providers:
None
Relevant relationships with investee companies:
None
Shared directorships with other Directors:
None
Other public company directorships (not disclosed above):
None
Shareholding in the Company:
17,811 Ordinary shares
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Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Board of Directors
(continued)
Julian Bartlett
(appointed 2 October 2024)
Status: Independent non-
executive Director
Skills and experience:
Julian has significant financial, assurance and advisory experience
gained from over 30 years as a partner at Grant Thornton UK
LLP and from former roles at RSM Robson Rhodes and Deloitte.
He specialised in financial services throughout his career with
a focus on investment management. He was formerly a non-
executive Director of FFI Holdings plc from August 2017 until it
ceased trading on AIM in August 2019. Julian is a Fellow of the
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.
Other appointments:
Julian is the Chair of Invesco Fund Managers Limited, a Director
of Invesco Pensions Limited, Audit Committee Chair and
Director of Triple Point Venture VCT Plc and a Director of Lindsell
Train Limited.
Rationale for election:
Julian brings a wealth of experience to the Board through his
previous role as an audit partner in the financial services sector
and his current roles as audit chair of another VCT and non-
executive director of investment firms.
Length of service as at 30 September 2024:
0 years
Last re-elected to the Board:
N/A
Committee memberships:
None
Remuneration 2023/2024:
£nil
Relevant relationships with the Investment Manager or other
service providers:
None
Relevant relationships with investee companies:
None
Shared directorships with other Directors:
None
Other public company directorships (not disclosed above):
None
Shareholding in the Company:
Nil Ordinary shares
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Strategic Update
Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Anam Ajani CFA
Investment & ESG Associate
Chris Hutchinson
Director and Portfolio
Manager
Anam joined Unicorn in 2022 and works closely with the
investment team on the OEIC, AIM VCT, AIM IHT and Managed
Accounts, providing research and analysis across the UK equity
market. Anam holds an MSc in Finance and Accounting from
Imperial College Business School, and was previously a Senior
Analyst with J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.
Chris has been covering UK Equity Investments since 1998
with a particular focus on small and mid-sized businesses. He
collaborates with the investment team across Unicorn AIM VCT,
Unicorn AIM IHT Service and Managed Accounts. Chris joined
Unicorn in 2005 and is also co-manager of Unicorn Outstanding
British Companies Fund.
Cordelia Tahany
Head of Sustainability &
Senior Investment Analyst
Fraser Mackersie
Portfolio Manager
Cordelia joined the team in 2022 having previously worked as
an Investment Banking Analyst at J.P. Morgan. A holder of the
CFA Level 4 certificate in ESG Investing, Cordelia leads Unicorn’s
ESG function, working as part of the investment team across the
OEIC, AIM VCT, IHT Portfolios and Managed Accounts. Cordelia
is a CFA Level II Candidate and graduated from London School
of Economics & Political Science (LSE) with a BSc in Economic
History.
Fraser joined Unicorn in 2008 and is co-manager of the Unicorn
UK Income Strategy, UK Smaller Companies & UK Growth
Funds as well as collaborating with the Investment team across
the OEIC, AIM VCT, AIM IHT Portfolios and Managed Accounts.
Having previously held positions with F&C Asset Management
and Geoghegan & Co Chartered Accountants, Fraser graduated
from the University of St Andrews in 2003 with a degree in
Economics and Management and is a Fellow of the Association
of Chartered Certified Accountants.
Investment Management Team
40
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Max Ormiston CFA
Portfolio Manager
Simon Moon
Portfolio Manager
Max joined Unicorn in 2014 and is co-manager of the Unicorn
Outstanding British Companies Fund as well as collaborating
with the Investment team across the OEIC, AIM VCT, AIM IHT
Portfolios and Managed Accounts. Prior to Unicorn Max worked
as an investment manager with Brewin Dolphin. Max graduated
from Newcastle University in 2009 with a First-Class degree.
Simon joined Unicorn in 2008 and is co-manager of the Unicorn
UK Income Strategy, UK Smaller Companies and UK Growth
Funds as well as collaborating with the Investment team across
the OEIC, AIM VCT, AIM IHT Portfolios and Managed Accounts.
Prior to joining Unicorn, Simon worked as a research analyst at
JM Finn & Co. Stockbrokers and spent three years in the NHS
graduate finance scheme.
Paul Harwood
Non-Executive Director
Paul brings a wealth of knowledge in his capacity as a Non-
Executive Director with over 40 years’ investment experience.
Paul has held positions at Phillips & Drew, Richards Longstaff
and Mercury Asset Management/Merrill Lynch, where he was a
Director, Joint Head of the European Equity Investment team and
latterly the Head of the UK Smaller Companies Team.
Investment Management Team
(continued)
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Financial Statements
Information
Directors’ Report
The Directors present the twenty-third Annual Report and
Audited Financial Statements of the Company for the year ended
30 September 2024 (the “Annual Report”) incorporating the
Corporate Governance Statement on pages 49 to 53.
The Company
The Company, being fully listed on the London Stock Exchange,
is required to comply with the Financial Reporting Council’s UK
Corporate Governance Code ("UK Code"). In accordance with the
UK Code, the Company is required to be headed by an effective
Board of Directors, providing entrepreneurial leadership within a
framework of prudent and effective controls.
As stated on page 49, the Directors believe that reporting in line
with the AIC Code of Corporate Governance (the "AIC Code") is
most appropriate for the Company.
The Directors
Throughout the year the Board consisted of four Directors, and
following the appointment of Julian Bartlett on 2 October 2024,
the Board consisted of five Directors. All of the Directors are non-
executive and are independent of the Investment Manager. The
biographies of the Directors are shown on pages 37 to 39 together
with their interests in the shares of the Company.
The AIC Code recommends that all directors offer themselves
for re-election annually. Tim Woodcock, Charlotta Ginman and
Josephine Tubbs will be subject to re-election by Shareholders at
the forthcoming AGM on 12 February 2025. Julian Bartlett will be
subject to election, this being the first AGM since his appointment.
Jeremy Hamer will not be seeking re-election.
Dividends
As stated in the Chair's Statement on page 4, a special dividend
of 11.7 pence per share, was paid to Shareholders on 14 February
2024 following the successful acquisition of Abcam by Danaher
Corporation. In addition, an interim dividend of 3.0 pence per
share was paid on 13 August 2024.
Details of the proposed final dividend and the special dividend are
set out in the Chair's Statement on page 4.
Share Capital
At the year-end there were 190,437,026 (2023: 172,876,156) Ordinary
shares of 1p each in issue, none of which are held in Treasury. The
issues and buybacks of the Company’s shares during the year are
shown on page 22 and in Note 13 on page 78. No shares have been
bought back subsequent to the year end, therefore, at the date of
this report, the Company had 190,437,026 shares in issue. All shares
are listed on the main market of the London Stock Exchange.
Directors’ Indemnities and Liability Insurance
The Company has, as permitted by the legislation and the
Company’s Articles of Association, maintained Directors' and
Officers' Indemnity insurance cover on behalf of the Directors
indemnifying them against costs, charges, losses, damages and
liabilities incurred for negligence, default, breach of duty, breach
of trust or otherwise in relation to the affairs of the Company or
in connection with the activities of the Company. The policy
does not provide cover for fraudulent or dishonest actions by
the Directors. Save for the indemnity provisions contained in the
Articles of Association and the Directors’ letters of appointment,
there are no qualifying third party indemnities.
Companies
Act
2006
and
Disclosure,
Guidance
and
Transparency Rules (“DTRs”) Disclosures
In accordance with Schedule 7 of the Large and Medium Size
Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008
and the DTRs, the Directors disclose the following information:
The structure of the Company’s capital is summarised
above and in Note 13 and the voting rights are contained
on page 53. There are no restrictions on voting rights or
any agreement between holders of securities that result in
restrictions on the transfer of securities or on voting rights.
There are no securities carrying special rights with regard
to the control of the Company.
The Company does not operate an employee share
scheme.
The Company’s Articles of Association and the Companies
Act 2006 contain provisions relating to the appointment
and replacement of Directors, amendment of the Articles
of Association and powers to issue or buy back the
Company’s shares.
No agreements exist to which the Company is a party that
may affect its control following a takeover bid.
There are no agreements in place between the Company
and its Directors providing for compensation for loss of
office in any event.
Details of the financial risk management objectives and policies
of the Company together with information on exposure to credit,
price, liquidity and cash flow risks are contained in Note 17 on
pages 80 to 85.
The business model and strategy is included in the Strategic
Report on pages 26 and 27.
Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting
The Company has no direct greenhouse gas emissions to report
from its operations, nor does it have responsibility for any other
emissions producing sources under the Companies Act 2006
(Strategic Report and Directors’ Reports) Regulations 2013.
For the same reasons, the Company considers itself to be a low
energy user under the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting
regulations and therefore it is not required to disclose energy and
carbon reports.
Alternative Investment Funds Manager’s Directive (“AIFMD”)
The Company registered as a small Alternative Investment Fund
Manager with the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) and is
subject to the reduced level of requirements under the Alternative
Investment Fund Manager’s Regulations 2013 (SI2013/1773).
42
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Financial Statements
Information
If
the
Company
becomes
“leveraged”
as
defined
in
the
Regulations, or its assets exceed €500 million, it would become
subject to the full requirements under the Regulations including
the requirement to appoint a Depositary which may have material
cost implications for the Company. The Company has no plans to
become leveraged and monitors the size of the assets against the
limits of AIFMD to assess any requirement to register as a full scope
Alternative Investment Fund Manager.
Outlook
The outlook is discussed in the Chair’s Statement on page 5.
Going concern
Aſter due consideration, the Directors believe that the Company
has adequate resources for a period of at least 12 months from
the date of the approval of the Financial Statements and that it
is appropriate to apply the going concern basis in preparing the
Financial Statements. As at 30 September 2024, the Company held
cash balances of £4.4 million, £19.1 million in fully listed stocks and
£14.1 million in open-ended investment funds. The majority of the
Company’s investment portfolio remains invested in qualifying
and non-qualifying AIM traded equities which may be realised,
subject to the need for the Company to maintain its VCT status.
The cash flow projections, covering a period of at least twelve
months from the date of approving the Financial Statements,
have been reviewed and show that the Company has access to
sufficient liquidity to meet both contracted expenditure and any
discretionary cash outflows from buybacks and dividends. The
Company has no borrowings and is therefore not exposed to any
gearing covenants.
Auditor’s right to information
The Directors who held office at the date of this report confirm
that, so far as they are aware, there is no relevant audit information
of which the Auditor is unaware. They have individually taken all
the steps that they ought to have taken as Directors in order to
make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to
establish that the Company’s Auditor is aware of that information.
Substantial interests
As at 4 December 2024, the Company had not been notified of
any significant interest exceeding 3% of the issued share capital.
Post balance sheet events
On 23 October 2024, EQT completed its acquisition of Keyword
Studios plc at a price of 2,450 pence per share. The Company
received proceeds of £6.0 million on 6 November 2024.
On 27 November 2024, the Company announced an Offer for
Subscription as detailed in the Chair's Statement on page 4.
On 29 November 2024, the Company announced that, following
the completion of the acquisition of Mattioli Woods and Keywords
Studios, and the receipt by the Company of its share of the
proceeds a special dividend of 6.0 pence per share will be paid to
Shareholders on 21 February 2025.
Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) format for this year
Details of the AGM, to be held on 12 February 2025, are below and
the Notice of Meeting is on pages 92 to 96. The Company intends
to hold an open meeting to which Shareholders can attend in
person if they wish.
A presentation will be given by the Investment Manager and, as
in previous years, it is hoped that a representative of one of the
investee companies will also present to the meeting.
Notice of the AGM to be held at The Great Chamber, The
Charterhouse, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6AN is set
out on pages 92 to 96 of this Annual Report and a proxy form is
included with Shareholders’ copies of this Annual Report.
Voting on all resolutions will be by Poll including proxy votes lodged,
therefore all Shareholders are actively encouraged to submit their
votes by proxy in accordance with the Notice of Meeting. The
Board encourages all Shareholders to vote on the resolutions
within the Notice as set out on pages 92 to 96 using the proxy
form, or electronically at https://unicorn.city-proxyvoting.uk.
Shareholders are encouraged to appoint “the Chair of the
Meeting” as their proxy. The Board has carefully considered the
business to be considered at the AGM and recommends that
Shareholders vote in favour of all the resolutions being proposed.
The Board wishes to offer Shareholders the opportunity to submit
any questions they may have in advance to the Board or the
Investment Manager. Please send all questions via email through
the Company Secretary at unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk. All
relevant questions received will be answered and also posted
on the Company’s website as soon as practicable and, where
possible, ahead of the proxy voting deadline.
Broadcast of Meeting and Presentations
The Company intends to broadcast the AGM and presentation
via
Zoom
for
those
Shareholders
unable
to
attend
in
person. The Directors will also be in attendance during the
presentation. It is anticipated that Shareholders will have an
opportunity to submit questions for the Directors or Investment
Manager either in advance of the presentations, by email, to
unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk
or
on
the
day
during
the
Presentation through the text facility in Zoom. To receive
an invitation to join the Zoom presentation please email
unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk from the email address you wish
the invitation to be sent, by midday on 5 February 2025.
Business of the AGM
The following notes provide an explanation of a number of the
Resolutions that will be proposed at the meeting. Resolutions 1 to
10 will be proposed as ordinary resolutions requiring the approval
of more than 50% of the votes cast at the meeting to be passed and
resolutions 11 to 13 will be proposed as special resolutions requiring
the approval of at least 75% of the votes cast at the meeting to be
passed. Resolutions 10 to 12 are the usual resolutions relating to
the authority to issue and buyback shares and in substitution for
existing authorities passed in previous years. Resolutions 10 and
11 will be used to enable the issue of shares pursuant to top-up
Directors’ Report
(continued)
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Financial Statements
Information
offers should the Directors consider raising further funds to be
in the best interests of the Company. Resolution 13 will permit
the Company to apply to the Court to cancel the Share premium
account and Capital redemption reserve and increase the Special
reserve for use as set out in note 1f(iii) on page 70. The Directors
believe that the proposed resolutions are in the interests of
Shareholders and accordingly recommend Shareholders to vote
in favour of each resolution.
Voting rights of Shareholders
Normally at general meetings of the Company business is
conducted on a show of hands, however, as stated above, at the
next AGM, to take into account Shareholders not wishing to attend
in person, the business will be conducted through a Poll on all
resolutions. Proxy votes must be lodged with the Registrars 48
hours before the meeting, see notes on pages 94 to 96.
Ordinary Business at the Annual General Meeting
Appointment of Auditors
Resolution 3 proposes the re-appointment of Johnston Carmichael
LLP as the Company’s External Auditor for the forthcoming year
and the authority proposed under resolution 4 will authorise the
Directors to determine the Auditor’s remuneration.
Re-election of Directors
Resolutions 5 to 8 will be proposed to re-elect Tim Woodcock,
Charlotta Ginman and Josephine Tubbs as Directors of the
Company, and to elect Julian Bartlett who will be seeking election,
this being his first AGM since his appointment on 2 October 2024.
The Board currently consists of five Directors, but as stated on
page 42
Jeremy Hamer will not be seeking re-election and will
therefore retire from the Board aſter the AGM. All the Directors
have extensive investment based backgrounds and both private
and public company board level experience. The Board believes
that they bring valuable skill, experience and expertise to the
Company and all have confirmed they have sufficient time
available to commit to the Company. The Board recommends
that Shareholders vote in favour of the resolutions relating to their
re-election and election. A summary of the Directors' skills and
experience is given in their biographies on pages 37 to 39.
Special Business at the Annual General Meeting
Allotment of shares
The authority proposed under Resolution 10 will authorise the
Directors to allot shares or grant rights to subscribe for or to invest
in shares in the Company generally, in accordance with section
551 of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”), up to an aggregate
nominal amount of £761,748 representing 40% of the issued
share capital at the date of this report. This authority, will expire on
the date falling 15 months aſter the passing of this resolution or,
if earlier, at the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting of the
Company to be held in 2026.
Disapplication of pre-emption rights
Resolution 11 will give Directors the authority to allot shares for
cash without first offering the securities to existing Shareholders
in certain circumstances. The resolution proposes that the
disapplication of such pre-emption rights be sanctioned in
respect of the allotment of equity securities:
1. with an aggregate nominal value of up to, but not
exceeding, £380,874 representing 20% of the issued
share capital at the date of this report, in connection with
offer(s) for subscription;
2.
with an aggregate of up to 10% of the issued share capital
pursuant to any dividend re-investment scheme; and
3. with an aggregate nominal value of up to, but not
exceeding, 10% of the issued share capital of the Company
from time to time;
in each case where the proceeds of the issue may be used in
whole or in part to purchase the Company’s shares in the market.
The authority conferred under this resolution, will expire on the
date falling 15 months aſter the passing of this resolution or, if
earlier, at the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting to be held
in 2026.
Authority for the Company to purchase its own shares
Resolution 12 authorises the Company to purchase up to
28,546,510 of its own shares (representing approximately 14.99%
of the Company’s shares in issue at the date of this Annual Report),
or, if lower, such number of shares (rounded down to the nearest
whole share) as shall equal 14.99% of the issued share capital of
the Company at the date the resolution is passed. Purchases will
be made on the open market at prices that are in accordance with
the terms laid out in the Resolution. Shares will be purchased only
in circumstances where the Board believes that it is in the best
interests of the Shareholders generally. Furthermore, purchases
will only be made at a discount to the latest announced NAV
per share. The Board currently intends to cancel those shares
purchased. Such authority will expire on the date falling 15 months
aſter the passing of this resolution or, if earlier, at the conclusion of
the Annual General Meeting of the Company to be held in 2026.
At the Annual General Meeting held on 7 February 2024,
Shareholders gave authority for the Company to buy back a
total of 14.99% or 25,914,136 of its own shares. The Company has
since repurchased and cancelled 5,205,225 shares and therefore
has remaining authority to repurchase 20,708,911 shares which
authority will lapse at the Annual General Meeting to be held in
2025.
Cancellation
of
Share
premium
account
and
Capital
redemption reserve
Resolution 13 authorises the Company to apply to the court to
cancel the Share premium account and Capital redemption
reserve and increase the distributable Special reserve.
By order of the Board
.
ISCA Administration Services Limited
Company Secretary
5 December 2024
Directors’ Report
(continued)
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Annual Remuneration Report
The purpose of this Report is to demonstrate the method by which
the Board has implemented the Company’s Remuneration Policy
(see page 48) and provide Shareholders with specific information
in respect of the Directors’ remuneration. A resolution to approve
the Remuneration Report will be put forward at the AGM to
be held on 12 February 2025, where Shareholders will have an
advisory vote on the approval of the Report.
This Directors’ Remuneration Report has been prepared by
the Directors in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. The
Company’s Independent Auditor is required to give its opinion
on the specified information provided on Directors’ emoluments
(see below) and this is explained further in their report to
Shareholders on pages 58 to 64. Shareholders are encouraged
to vote on the Remuneration Report annually at the AGM and
on the Remuneration Policy at least every three years. The Board
will take Shareholders’ views into consideration when setting
remuneration.
Statement from the Chair of the Board in relation to Directors’
Remuneration Matters
The Board is mindful of its obligation to set remuneration at levels
which will attract and maintain an appropriate calibre of individuals
whilst simultaneously protecting the interests of Shareholders.
During the year to 30 September 2024, the Board reviewed
its
existing
remuneration
levels,
having
considered
the
remuneration payable to non-executive directors of comparable
VCTs, the demand for non-executive directors within the
financial sector and the increasing regulatory requirements with
which the sector is required to comply. Following this review, the
Board agreed to increase Directors’ fees from 1 October 2024,
as shown on page 48. As with any Board comprised solely of
non-executive directors it is not possible for a Director to abstain
from any discussion or decision concerning their own fees.
Directors' remuneration consists of a base fee for all Directors
and each Director participated in the process of setting the
level of this fee. Additional fees were then set for specific roles
and the individual Directors did not participate in setting any
additional fee for their own specific role. The Board considers
that this process is consistent with the spirit of the AIC Code on
the setting of Directors' fees.
At the Annual General Meeting held on 7 February 2024, the
following votes were cast on the Poll voting on the Remuneration
Report:
Number of votes
% of votes cast
For
6,978,888
94.43
Against
411,799
5.57
Total votes cast
7,390,687
100.00
The Remuneration Policy was last approved by the Shareholders at
the Annual General Meeting held on 7 February 2023. A resolution
to approve the policy for a further three years will be proposed at
the AGM to be held in 2026.
Votes cast on a Poll at the Annual General Meeting held on
7 February 2023 on the resolution were as follows:
Number of votes
% of votes cast
For
7,753,434
95.33
Against
380,047
4.67
Total votes cast
8,133,481
100.00
Directors’ interests (audited information)
The Directors’ interests, including those of connected persons in
the issued share capital of the Company are outlined below. There
is no minimum holding requirement that the Directors need to
adhere to.
30 September 2024
30 September 2023
Director
Shares
% of
share
capital
Shares
% of
share
capital
Tim Woodcock
114,447
0.06
67,707
0.04
Charlotta Ginman
39,198
0.02
39,198
0.02
Jeremy Hamer
30,202
0.02
30,202
0.02
Josephine Tubbs
17,811
0.01
15,175
0.01
There have been no changes in the Directors’ interests since
30 September 2024. No options over the share capital of the
Company have been granted to the Directors.
Julian Bartlett was appointed on 2 October 2024 and has no
shares in the Company.
Details of the Directors’ remuneration are disclosed below and in
Note 5 on page 73.
Directors’ Remuneration Report
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Pensions (audited information)
None of the Directors receives, or is entitled to receive, pension benefits from the Company.
Share options and long-term incentive schemes (audited information)
The Company does not grant any options over the share capital of the Company nor operate long-term incentive schemes.
Relative spend on pay
The table below sets out:
a.
the remuneration paid to the Directors; and
b.
the distributions made to Shareholders by way of dividends paid in the financial year ended 30 September 2024 and the preceding
four financial years.
There were no share buy-backs for Treasury.
Year ended 30 September
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Change
%
£
Change
%
£
Change
%
£
Change
%
£
£
Total remuneration
(0.9)
137,500
4.9
138,693
11.7
132,169
(8.8)
118,300
129,751
Dividends paid (Note 7)
192.4
32,005,000
(84.7) 10,945,000
650.2
71,701,000
6.5
9,557,000
8,974,000
Directors’ emoluments (audited information)
The total emoluments in respect of qualifying services of each person who served as a Director during the year are as set out in the table
below. The Company does not have any schemes in place to pay bonuses or benefits to any of the Directors in addition to their Directors’
fees. Tim Woodcock, Charlotta Ginman and Jeremy Hamer are entitled to a higher fee due to their roles as Chair, Senior Independent
Director and Audit Committee Chair, respectively.
Year ended 30 September
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
Change
%
£
Change
%
£
Change
%
£
Change
%
£
£
Tim Woodcock (Chair)
6.4
37,500
4.4
35,250
3.2
33,750
12.6
32,700
29,042
Charlotta Ginman*
(Senior Independent Director)
10.3
33,500
11.5
30,375
4.0
27,250
2.2
26,200
25,625
Jeremy Hamer
(Audit Committee Chair)
8.3
36,000
4.7
33,250
3.4
31,750
5.9
30,700
29,000
Josephine Tubbs**
(Independent Director)
6.1
30,500
197.3
28,750
N/A
9,669
N/A
Jocelin Harris***
N/A
(62.8)
11,068
3.7
29,750
1.8
28,700
28,188
Peter Dicks****
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
17,896
137,500
138,693
132,169
118,300
129,751
Expenses
1,540
915
160
139,040
139,608
132,169
118,300
129,911
* Appointed as Senior Independent Director from 7 February 2023.
** Appointed 24 May 2022.
*** Retired 7 February 2023.
**** Retired 18 May 2020.
These travel and other expenses are not considered taxable.
Directors’ Remuneration Report
(continued)
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Total Shareholder return performance graph
The following graph charts the total cumulative shareholder return of the Company since 30 September 2014 (assuming all dividends
are re-invested) compared to the total cumulative shareholder return of both the FTSE All-Share and the FTSE AIM All-Share Indices.
These indices represent the broad equity market against which investors can measure the performance of the Company and are thus
considered the most appropriate benchmarks. The NAV total return per share has been shown separately in addition to the information
required by law because the Directors believe it is a more accurate reflection of the Company’s performance.
In the graph, the total Shareholder return figures have been rebased to 100 pence.
40
160
220
Shareholder return (pence)
re-based to 100 pence
180
100
Total cumulative annual Shareholder return since the merger compared to the total return of the FTSE All-Share and FTSE AIM All-Share indices
Ordinary shares
FTSE All-Share Index (total return)
FTSE AIM All-Share Index (total return)
Unicorn AIM VCT plc – NAV (total return assuming all dividends have been re-invested)
Unicorn AIM VCT plc – Share price (total return assuming all dividends have been re-invested)
120
200
240
140
30 Sep
2022
30 Sep
2016
30 Sep
2023
30 Sep
2014
30 Sep
2015
30 Sep
2017
30 Sep
2018
30 Sep
2019
30 Sep
2020
30 Sep
2021
60
80
260
30 Sep
2024
An explanation of the performance of the Company is given in the Strategic Report on pages 2 to 36.
Directors’ Remuneration Report
(continued)
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Remuneration Policy
As the Board consists entirely of non-executive Directors it is
considered appropriate that matters relating to remuneration
are considered by the Board as a whole, rather than a separate
remuneration committee. The remuneration policy is set by the
Board, which reviews the remuneration of each of the Directors,
and considers at least annually whether the remuneration policy
is fair and in line with comparable VCTs.
When considering the level of the Directors’ remuneration, the
Board reviews existing remuneration levels elsewhere in the
Venture Capital Trust sector and other relevant information. It
considers the levels and make-up of remuneration which need to
be sufficient to attract, retain and motivate directors of the quality
required to oversee the running of the Company.
The remuneration levels are designed to reflect the duties and
responsibilities of the roles and the amount of time spent in
carrying these out. The Board will obtain independent advice
where it considers it necessary. No such advice was taken during
the year under review. This policy will be applied when agreeing
the remuneration of any new Director.
A resolution approving the Remuneration Policy was passed at the
Annual General Meeting in January 2023 and will remain valid until
the Annual General Meeting in 2026.
Basis of Remuneration
All of the Directors are considered to be independent and non-
executive and it is not considered appropriate to relate any portion
of their remuneration to the performance of the Company and
performance conditions have not been set in determining their
level of remuneration. As the Company has no employees, it is not
possible to take account of the pay and employment conditions
of employees when determining the levels of the Directors’
remuneration. This approach to remuneration would also be
used when recruiting any new directors. The Company’s Articles
of Association limit the aggregate amount that can be paid to the
Directors in fees to £200,000 per annum.
The table below shows the expected maximum payment that
will be received per annum by each Director for the year to
30 September 2025.
Role
2025
2024*
%
Increase
Non-executive Director basic fee
31,750
30,500
4.1
Additional fees
– Chair
8,000
7,000
14.3
– Chair of Audit Committee
5,500
5,500
– Senior Independent Director
3,000
3,000
* Following a review of fees payable to Directors, the Board has approved an increase
for each of the current Directors with effect from 1 October 2024 to the amounts
shown above, an increase of 4.1% of basic fees. Increases in relation to additional fees
are shown in the table above.
The remuneration policy is stated above.
Terms of Appointment
All of the Directors are non-executive and none of the Directors
has a service contract with the Company.
All Directors receive a formal letter of appointment setting
out the terms of their appointment, the powers and duties
of Directors and the fees pertaining to the appointment.
Appointment letters for new Directors contain an assessment
of the anticipated time commitment of the appointment and
Directors are asked to undertake that they will have sufficient
time to carry out what is expected of them and to disclose their
other significant commitments to the Board before appointment.
Copies of the letters appointing the Directors are made available
for inspection at each General Meeting.
A Director’s appointment may be terminated forthwith on notice
being given by the Director or the Company and in certain
other circumstances. No arrangements have been entered into
between the Company and the Directors to entitle any of the
Directors to compensation for loss of office.
By order of the Board
ISCA Administration Services Limited
Company Secretary
5 December 2024
Directors’ Remuneration Report
(continued)
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Corporate Governance Statement
The Directors have adopted the AIC Code published in February
2019 for the financial year ended 30 September 2024. The AIC Code
addresses the principles and provisions set out in the UK Code as
well as setting out additional principles and recommendations on
issues that are of specific relevance to the Company.
The Board considers that reporting against the principles and
recommendations of the AIC Code, and by reference to the
AIC Guide as outlined above, will provide the most appropriate
information to Shareholders.
The AIC Code was endorsed in February 2019 by the Financial
Reporting Council (“FRC”) which has confirmed that in complying
with the AIC Code, the Company will meet its obligations in
relation to the UK Code. The AIC Code is available online at:
www.theaic.co.uk. A copy of the UK Code can be found at:
www.frc.org.uk.
The Board has noted the publication of the AIC Code in August
2024 following the issue of the updated UK Code in January
2024. The new AIC Code will be applicable to the Company from
1 October 2025.
This statement has been compiled in accordance with the
FCA’s Disclosure and Transparency Rule (DTR) 7.2 on Corporate
Governance Statements.
The Board considers that the Company has complied fully with
the AIC Code and the relevant provisions of the UK Code, as set
out below.
As an investment company managed by third parties, the
Company does not employ a chief executive, nor any executive
directors. The systems and procedures of the Investment Manager
and the Administrator, the provision of VCT monitoring services
by PwC, and the annual statutory audit as well as the size of the
Company’s operations, gives the Board confidence that an internal
audit function is not appropriate. The Company is therefore not
reporting further in respect of these areas.
The Board
Throughout the year the Board consisted of four non-executive
Directors. On 2 October 2024, Julian Bartlett was appointed to
the Board. Jeremy Hamer will retire from the Board at the AGM
on 12 February 2025. Each Director brings a range of relevant
expertise, experience and judgement to the Board. Charlotta
Ginman is the Senior Independent Director. The Directors believe
that this structure is right for the Company given its current size
and the nature of its business.
Should Shareholders wish to contact the Board they should
initially contact the Company Secretary. Shareholders may then
contact the Senior Independent Director, through the Company
Secretary, if they have concerns which have failed to be resolved
through the Chair or Investment Manager or where such contact
is inappropriate.
Details of the Directors' other significant time commitments are
disclosed on pages 37 to 39 of this Annual Report.
All the Directors are equally responsible under the law for the
proper conduct of the Company’s affairs. In addition, the Directors
are responsible for ensuring that their policies and operations are
in the best interests of all the Company’s Shareholders and that
the best interests of creditors and suppliers to the Company are
properly considered.
Matters specifically reserved for decision by the Board have
been defined. These include compliance with the requirements
of the Companies Act, the UK Listing Authority, AIFMD, the
London Stock Exchange and UK Accounting Standards; changes
relating to the Company’s capital structure or its status as a
public limited company; Board and committee appointments
and terms of reference of committees; material contracts of the
Company and contracts of the Company not in the ordinary
course of business. The Board as a whole considers management
engagement, nomination and remuneration matters rather than
delegating these to committees, as all of the current Directors are
considered independent of the Investment Manager. Management
engagement matters include an annual review of the Company’s
service providers, with a particular emphasis on reviewing the
Investment Manager in terms of investment performance, quality
of information provided to the Board and remuneration. The
Board as a whole considers Board and Committee appointments
and the remuneration of individual Directors.
A procedure has been adopted for individual Directors, in the
furtherance of their duties, to take independent professional
advice at the expense of the Company. The Directors also have
access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary, who
is responsible to the Board for ensuring board procedures are
followed. Both the appointment and removal of the Company
Secretary is a matter for the Board as a whole. Where Directors
have concerns which cannot be resolved about the running of
the Company or a proposed action, they are asked to ensure that
their concerns are recorded in the Board minutes. If ultimately a
Director feels it necessary to resign, a written statement should be
provided to the Chair, for circulation to the Board.
Directors' attendance at Board and Committee meetings
The table below details the formal Board and Audit Committee
meetings attended by the Directors during the year. Four regular
Board meetings and four Audit Committee meetings were held
during the year with additional ad-hoc meetings being held where
necessary. In addition, quarterly valuation meetings were held to
consider the valuation of unquoted securities in the Company's
portfolio. The Directors also held a strategy meeting during the
year, without the service providers attending.
Director
Board
Audit Committee
Tim Woodcock
4/4
4/4
Charlotta Ginman
4/4
4/4
Jeremy Hamer
4/4
4/4
Josephine Tubbs
4/4
4/4
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Tenure
All Directors are subject to election by Shareholders at the first
AGM following their appointment.
In terms of overall length of tenure, the AIC Code does not explicitly
make recommendations on tenure for Directors. However, it does
state, circumstances which are likely to impair or could appear
to impair, a non-executive Director's independence include, but
are not limited to, whether a Director has served on the board for
more than nine years from the date of their first appointment. The
Board does not believe that a Director should be appointed for a
finite period. The AIC Code does recommend that it should have a
policy on tenure of its Chair and the Company has adopted a nine
year maximum tenure policy for its Chair.
Jeremy Hamer has served longer than nine years, however, the
Board considers that he remained independent of the Investment
Manager and continued to offer independent, professional
judgement and constructive challenge to the Investment Manager.
Jeremy will step down from the Board at the AGM on 12 February
2025. In accordance with the AIC Code, all Directors will offer
themselves for re-election annually or election at their first AGM.
The Board's succession planning is discussed on page 35.
Director
Date of
appointment
Tim Woodcock
10 June 2019
Charlotta Ginman
14 July 2016
Jeremy Hamer
9 March 2010
Josephine Tubbs
24 May 2022
Julian Bartlett
2 October 2024
Independence of Directors
The Board has considered whether each Director is independent in
character and judgement and whether there are any relationships
or circumstances which are likely to affect, or could appear to
affect, the Director’s judgement and has concluded that, all of
the Directors are independent of the Investment Manager. The
Directors' shareholdings in the Company's investee companies
are shown on pages 37 to 39.
The Directors who were independent of each potential conflict
noted above, considered the circumstances and agreed that all
of the relevant Directors in each case remained independent of
the Investment Manager. This is because these relationships were
not of a material size to their assets and other business activities
nor to those of the Company. There are no other contracts or
investments in which the Directors have declared an interest.
The
above
potential
conflicts,
along
with
other
potential
conflicts, have been reviewed by the Board in accordance with
the procedures under the Articles of Association and applicable
rules and regulations and have been authorised by the Board
in accordance with these procedures. The Articles allow the
Directors not to disclose information relating to a conflict where
to do so would amount to a breach of confidence. The Board
places great emphasis on the requirement for the Directors to
disclose their interests in investments (and potential investments)
and has instigated a procedure whereby a Director declaring such
an interest does not participate in any discussions or decisions
relating to such investments. The Directors inform the Board of
changes to their other appointments as necessary. The Board
reviews the authorisations relating to conflicts quarterly.
Appointment letters for new Directors include an assessment of
the expected time commitment for each Board position and new
Directors are asked to give an indication of their other significant
time commitments. The Board has adopted a formal process of
recruitment when seeking the appointment of new Directors.
The Board aims to include a balance of skills and experience that
the Directors believe to be appropriate to the management of the
Company. The Chair fully meets the independence criteria as set
out in the AIC Code.
During the year, a review of the Directors, the Board and the Audit
Committee was undertaken through a questionnaire completed
by each Director and the Senior Independent Director led a
review of the Chair. The responses were reviewed by the Chair
and discussed by Directors at their strategy day. The effectiveness
of the Board and the Chair is reviewed annually as part of the
internal control process led by the Senior Independent Director.
It was concluded that the composition and performance of
the Board was effective, and that the open culture of the Board
facilitated a full and wide-ranging discussion in meetings and led
to a collegiate approach on all matters. The Directors monitor the
continuing independence of the Chair and inform him of their
discussions.
All of the Directors are involved at an early stage in the process of
structuring the launch of any Offers for Subscription that may be
agreed by the Board.
Diversity
The Directors are aware of the need to have a Board which,
as a whole, comprises an appropriate balance of skills and
experience combined with diversity of thinking, perspective
and background. Any Board appointment will be based on merit
against the required criteria, the current and future needs of the
Company and having regard to the diversity criteria under the
Listing Rules. The Board place great importance on diversity and
independent thinking when assessing its composition although
being externally managed and comprising of only four/five non-
executive directors there is reduced scope to fully comply with the
requirements.
Corporate Governance Statement
(continued)
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The Board is required to disclose their compliance in relation to
the targets on board diversity set out under paragraph 9.8.6R (9)
of the Listing Rules which are as follows:
1.
at least 40% of the individuals on the Board of Directors
are women;
2. at least one of the senior positions on the Board of
Directors is held by a woman; and
3.
at least one individual on the Board of Directors is from a
minority ethnic background.
The table below sets out the composition of the Board at the year-
end based on the prescribed criteria.
Gender Identity
Number
of Board
members
Percentage
of the
Board
Number of
senior
positions on
the Board
Men
2
50%
1
Women
2
50%
1
Ethnic Background
White British or other White
(including minority-white
groups)
4
100%
100%
Mixed/Multiple Ethnic
Groups
Asian/Asian British
Black/African
Other ethnic group
including Arab
Not specified/ prefer not
to say
The Board therefore meets the criteria under parts 1 and 2 above,
with 50% of the Board being female and Charlotta Ginman
being the SID. Subsequent to the year end, Julian Bartlett was
appointed to the Board, which amended the percentage of
women on the Board to 40% until the AGM on 12 February 2025
when, following the retirement from the Board of Jeremy Hamer,
the percentage will revert back to 50%.
Although not currently meeting the requirement that one
Director should be from an ethnic minority background, during
the recent recruitment process the Board engaged an external
recruitment consultant, Trust Associates, and sought to meet the
ethnic minority target and gave this consideration when reviewing
candidates. However, selecting a candidate with suitable skills
and experience was given priority. Charlotta Ginman, the Senior
Independent Director, is Finnish which although not categorised
as an ethnic minority under the regulations provides additional
diversity to the Board.
More details on the Directors can be found in the Board of
Directors section on pages 37 to 39.
Management
Investment Manager
Unicorn Asset Management Limited ("UAML") was appointed
as Investment Manager to the Company on 1 October 2001.
This agreement was amended on 9 March 2010, 12 April 2010,
1 October 2018 and again on 18 November 2021. Under the terms
of the Company’s Investment Management Agreement ("IMA"),
the Investment Manager is empowered to give instructions in
relation to the management of investments and other assets
including subscribing, purchasing, selling and otherwise dealing
in qualifying and non-qualifying investments and to enter into and
perform contracts, agreements and other undertakings that are
necessary to the carrying out of its duties under the Agreement in
accordance with specific written arrangements laid down by the
Board. Board approval is required before any investment is made
or realised in unquoted investments.
At 30 September 2024, officers and employees of the Investment
Manager held 1,557, 866 shares in the Company.
The Investment Manager has adopted a proactive approach to
vote at all general meetings of investee companies. Institutional
Shareholder Services have been engaged by the Investment
Manager to advise on voting matters in accordance with their Proxy
Voting Guidelines with particular focus on Environmental, Social,
and Governance criteria. In reaching a final decision on voting, the
aims and objectives of the Company will take precedence. The
Investment Manager has voted against 5% of resolutions during
the year, largely relating to Board independence, remuneration
packages and governance.
The Directors regularly review the investment performance of the
Investment Manager. Terms of the IMA and policies covering key
operational issues are reviewed with the Investment Manager at
least annually. The Board believes that the continued appointment
of the Investment Manager remains in Shareholders’ best interests
and the investment criteria remain appropriate. Furthermore, the
Board remains satisfied with the Investment Manager’s investment
performance. For a summary of the performance of the Company
please see the Investment Manager’s Review, Top Ten Holdings
and the Investment Portfolio Summary on pages 13 to 21, the
Financial Highlights on page 1 and the Financial Performance
Review on pages 22 and 23. Details of the management fee
arrangements with the Investment Manager are set out in Note 3
to the accounts on pages 72 and 73. The Board and the Investment
Manager aim to operate in a co-operative and open manner while
the Board maintains its oversight obligations.
Corporate Governance Statement
(continued)
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Company Secretary and Company Administrator
ISCA Administration Services Limited was appointed as the
Company Secretary and Administrator under a contract dated
1 September 2014. The fees paid are shown in Note 4 on page 73.
Corporate Broker
The Company has retained Panmure Liberum Limited as its
corporate broker.
Internal controls
The Board is responsible for the Company’s internal control and
risk management systems. It has delegated the monitoring of
these systems, on which the Company is reliant, to the Audit
Committee (the “Committee”).
Internal control systems are designed to manage the particular
needs of the Company and the risks to which it is exposed and
can by their nature only provide reasonable and not absolute
assurance against material misstatement or loss. They aim to
ensure the maintenance of proper accounting records, the
reliability of published financial information and the information
used for business making decisions and that the assets of the
Company are safeguarded.
The Committee has implemented procedures for identifying,
evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the
Company. As part of this process an annual review of the control
systems is carried out in accordance with the Internal Control:
Revised Guidance for Directors as issued by the Financial
Reporting Council. The review covers consideration of the key
business, operational, compliance and financial risks facing the
Company. Each risk is considered with regard to: the controls
exercised at Board or Committee level; reporting by service
providers and controls relied upon by the Board or Committee;
exceptions for consideration by the Board or Committee;
responsibilities for each risk and its review period; and risk
rating. Investment risk is managed to the Board or Committee’s
satisfaction by the Investment Manager, primarily through the
medium of a diversified portfolio; this approach is described in
more detail in the Investment Manager’s Review.
The Committee reviews a schedule of key risks at each Committee
meeting which identifies the risks, controls and deficiencies
that have arisen in the quarter, and any action to be taken. The
Committee reviews the management accounts prepared by the
Company Secretary and Administrator, each quarter, and the
Annual or Half-Yearly Reports arising there from.
The main aspects of the internal controls which have been in place
throughout the year in relation to financial reporting are:
the valuations prepared by the Investment Manager are
entered into the accounting system and reconciled by the
Administrator. Controls are in place to ensure the effective
segregation of these two tasks;
the Administrator cross-checks the monthly valuations of
Listed and AIM companies to an independent data source;
an independent review of the unquoted investment
valuations is conducted quarterly by the Board;
bank
reconciliations
are
carried
out
daily
by
the
Administrator;
the Board has procedures in place for the approval of
expenses and payments to third parties;
the Committee reviews the monthly investment and net
asset value reports, quarterly management accounts
and underlying notes to those accounts, and other RNS
announcements as necessary;
the
Annual
and
Half-Yearly
Reports
are
reviewed
separately by the Committee prior to consideration by
the Board; and
the Board reviews all financial information prior to
publication.
The
Board
has
delegated
contractually
to
third
parties,
the management of the investment portfolio, the day to
day
accounting,
company
secretarial
and
administration
requirements
and
the
custody
and
registration
services.
Each of these contracts was entered into aſter full and proper
consideration by the Board. The annual review includes a
consideration of the risks associated with the Company’s
contractual
arrangements
with
third
party
suppliers. The
Board monitors and evaluates the performance of each of the
service providers. The Committee also considers on an annual
basis whether it is necessary for the Company to establish its
own internal audit function. For the year under review, the
Committee has determined that the Company does not require
a separate internal audit function given that internal control
reports are received from the Company’s service providers,
which the Committee relies upon to satisfy itself that sufficient
and appropriate controls are in place.
The procedure for regular interim and full year reviews of control
systems has been in place and operational throughout the
year under review. The last formal annual review took place on
21 November 2024. The Board has identified no issues with the
Company’s internal control mechanisms that warrant disclosure
in the Annual Report.
Corporate Governance Statement
(continued)
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Further Disclosures
Amendment of the Company’s Articles of Association
The Company may amend its Articles of Association by special
resolution in accordance with section 21 of the Companies
Act 2006.
Share capital and voting rights
Details of the Company’s share capital can be found on page 42
and in Note 13 and there are no reported substantial shareholdings.
The voting rights of Shareholders are set out below:
Each Shareholder has one vote on a show of hands, and on a
Poll one vote per share held, at a general meeting of the Company.
No member shall be entitled to vote or exercise any rights at a
general meeting unless all their shares have been paid up in full.
Any instrument of proxy must be deposited at the place specified
by the Directors no later than 48 hours before the time for holding
the meeting. As stated above, voting at the 2025 AGM will be
undertaken on a Poll on all Resolutions.
As detailed in the Company’s Articles of Association, the shares in
issue rank equally in all respects and are entitled to dividends paid
out of distributable reserves and the net income derived from the
assets of the Company and, in the event of liquidation, any surplus
arising from the assets.
Shareholders may, if they so wish, arrange for their shares to be
held via a nominee or depository where they retain all financial
rights, but not voting/AGM attendance rights, carried by the
Company’s shares.
Powers of the Directors
In addition to the powers granted to the Directors by Company
Law and the Articles of Association, the Directors obtain authority
from Shareholders to issue a limited number of shares, dis-apply
pre-emption rights and purchase the Company’s own shares.
Further details can be found in the Directors’ Report on page 44.
Relations with Shareholders
Communication with Shareholders is considered a high priority.
All Shareholders are entitled to receive a copy of the Annual
Report. Shareholders are encouraged to agree to receive
these electronically. The Board invites communications from
Shareholders and usually there is an opportunity to question
the Directors, the Chair of the Audit Committee and the
Investment Manager at the AGM. For the 2025 AGM, Shareholders
have
been
requested
to
submit
questions
by
email
to
unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk.
The
Company‘s
website
can
be
accessed
by
going
to:
www.unicornaimvct.co.uk.
The Board as a whole approves the contents of the Annual and Half-
Yearly Reports, circulars, and other Shareholder communications
in order to ensure that they present a fair, balanced and
understandable assessment of the Company’s position and
prospects and the risks and rewards to which Shareholders are
exposed through continuing to hold their shares.
For the AGM, all proxy votes are counted to ensure all Shareholders,
whether present at the AGM or not, are able to vote on the
resolutions. At the AGM the Chair will call a Poll for voting on all
resolutions. The proxy votes cast, together with any votes polled
in the meeting room will be used to decide each resolution. The
Poll voting will be declared and the results published on the Stock
Exchange RNS system and the Company’s website.
The Notice of the Annual General Meeting is included in this
Annual Report and is sent to Shareholders at least 21 days before
the meeting. Shareholders wishing to contact the Board should
direct their communications to the Company Secretary and any
questions will be passed to the relevant Director or the Board as
a whole.
By order of the Board
ISCA Administration Services Limited
Company Secretary
5 December 2024
Corporate Governance Statement
(continued)
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Audit Committee Report
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I chair the Committee which comprises all members of the Board.
It is the Company’s policy to include all members of the Board on
the Committee to ensure clear communication and to enable all
Directors to be kept fully informed of any issues that may arise.
It should also be noted that 3 of the 4 of the Directors serving
during the year are qualified accountants. I attended a number
of audit briefings throughout the year with the Investment
Manager, Administrator, the Registrar and the External Auditor
as appropriate, on several key issues and reported back to the
Committee accordingly. The Board has satisfied itself that at least
one member of the Committee has recent and relevant financial
experience in the sector in which the Company operates and that
the Committee has sufficient resources to undertake its duties. All
Board members are independent of the Investment Manager.
The Committee met four times this year in person and its
responsibilities are set out in its terms of reference, which are
reviewed annually and are available on the Company’s website
(www.unicornaimvct.co.uk)
or
can
be
requested
from
the
Company Secretary, who, along with the External Auditor, updates
the Committee with changes in relevant legislation. Quarterly
meetings are held face to face and supplementary meetings are
also held by telephone or other electronic means. Meetings are
minuted by the Company Secretary.
During the year under review, the Members of the Committee
have:
reviewed several iterations of the Company’s Annual
Report
and
Half-Yearly
Report
and
assessed
them
against the AIC Code and FRS 102 to ensure that relevant
disclosures have been included and to ensure that both
narrative and financial figures reflect accurately the
position of the Company;
reviewed its terms of reference to ensure that they
are compliant with the best practice guidance issued by
the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators
on Audit Committees;
reviewed the External Auditor’s audit strategy for auditing
the Company’s Annual Report;
reviewed the effectiveness of the external audit process
against specific criteria;
re-assessed all risks on a quarterly basis during the
year having significantly upgraded the risk monitoring
processes last year – please refer to later in this report;
begun defining the company's 'risk appetite' for each
identified risk category in order to more clearly guide
both service provider and our own actions in each area;
further developed its scenario planning in order to greater
understand the Company's vulnerability to a combination
of adverse events;
reviewed the internal controls of our service providers;
reviewed the capital adequacy of the Investment Manager;
reviewed
the
year’s
activities
with
the
Investment
Managers governance adviser who provides advice and
support in relation to FCA compliance;
reviewed the report produced by PwC biannually on the
Company’s compliance with the VCT status tests;
agreed the ownership of holdings to share certificates,
loan note agreements and independent custody reports;
reviewed the processes of the administrator;
reviewed unquoted valuations on a quarterly basis;
reviewed the cyber security of the Company and its
service providers; and
reviewed the Investment Manager’s developing approach
to ESG tracking and reporting, and its integration within
investment decisions
1. Financial Reporting
Financial Statements
The Committee has responsibility for reviewing the Financial
Statements and reporting to the Board on any significant issues.
Any issues would be discussed with the External Auditor and
Administrator at the audit planning meeting prior to the year end
and at the completion of the audit of the Financial Statements. No
conflicts arose between the Committee and the External Auditor
in respect of their work during the year.
The key accounting and reporting issues considered by the
Committee were:
Valuation of the Company’s quoted and unquoted investments
Valuations of listed, AIM quoted and unquoted investments are
prepared by the Investment Manager. All listed and AIM quoted
valuations are independently checked by the Administrator. The
IPEV valuation guidelines (updated in December 2022) require
the Investment Manager to update the valuation model for
each unquoted investment individually, with the latest available
information from the company itself and market data and to
update the valuations accordingly. All unquoted investments are
reviewed in a valuation meeting on a quarterly basis.
The Committee has reviewed the peer benchmarking, recent
transactions data and the particular importance of the discount
level to reflect the lack of liquidity in unquoted shares and, where
appropriate, recommended revised valuations to the Board. The
Committee paid particular attention to the methodology and
Audit Committee Report
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process for valuing these investments to ensure that the resulting
valuation was appropriate and in accordance with IPEV valuation
guidelines. The formal quarterly reviews are supplemented with
additional reviews should material new information become
available.
The Committee also discussed the controls in place over the
valuation of the quoted investments and the judgements made
when considering if any losses on investments held should be
treated as realised and considered that no further permanent
impairment was necessary, as detailed in note 9. The Investment
Manager actively tracks the liquidity of all AIM listed stocks taking
particular note of those where our holding would take 100 days
or more to dispose of. These stocks are then reviewed individually
by an internal committee to confirm whether or not ‘bid price’
remains the appropriate valuation criteria.
The Committee recommended the investment valuations to the
Board for approval, which the Board accepted.
Revenue Recognition
The revenue generated from dividend income and loan stock
interest has been considered by the Committee. The Committee
has considered the controls in place at the Custodian over the
recognition of dividends from quoted investments and the review
undertaken by the Administrator to ensure that amounts received
are in line with expectations. Dividend income is recognised in
our revenue statement as soon as the payer declares itself ‘ex div.’
Completeness and control of expenditure
The Committee reviewed the process in place for managing the
Company’s expenditure. It noted that, in accordance with agreed
policy, all payments over £7,500 have been authorised by at least
one Director and any payments under this threshold have been
authorised by the Administrator.
Going Concern and Viability Statement
The Committee monitors the Company’s resources at each of its
quarterly meetings to assess whether the Company has adequate
financial resources to remain in operation. This includes a review
of both cash balances and readily realisable investments. Prior to
the release of the Half-Yearly and Annual Reports the Committee
reviews a 5 year cash flow forecast. The Committee is satisfied
both as to the Company being a going concern for the next 12
months and to its viability over the longer term.
2. Internal Controls and Risk Management
Key internal controls
The key internal controls document is reviewed by the Committee
at least annually. The Committee considers the implication of the
risks to each stakeholder group, the relevant controls in place and
the level of impact each risk has on the Company. In addition to
the Financial Statements the Committee receives a quarterly risk
summary from the Company Secretary and reviews this for any
issues or changes in the level of risk in the period, changes to the
risks and any improvements in the mitigation activities.
On each occasion that we have reviewed our risk register during
this year adjustments have been made although in terms of our
ratings there have been no changes in the last 12 months. It
should be noted that we have rated our ‘economic and political’
risk category on the highest level for well over 12 months now
and remain very concerned both about global and local political
decisions ahead of us.
Compliance with VCT Tests (Tax Compliance)
The Company has retained PwC to advise on an ongoing basis
its compliance with the legislative requirements relating to VCTs.
PwC reviews new investment proposals as appropriate and carries
out biannual reviews of the Company’s investment portfolio
from a VCT regulation perspective, presenting their findings
at a meeting. The Committee is very aware of the importance
of compliance in this context.
PwC provide a Report to the Committee at the meetings covering
the Half-Yearly and Annual Reports where the Committee will ask
questions, discuss and approve the report in advance of releasing
the results.
Compliance, whistleblowing and fraud
During the year, the Committee received no reports from
the
Investment
Manager
regarding
money
laundering,
whistleblowing or fraud impacting the Company. This was also
confirmed by the Registrar.
The Committee Chair has spoken to the Investment Manager’s
external
compliance
adviser
during
the
year
to
discuss
any compliance and governance concerns at the Investment
Manager. There were no issues to report.
Anti-Bribery Policy
The Company has maintained a zero-tolerance approach to
bribery. A summary of the anti-bribery policy can be found on
page 35 of this report and on the Company's website. A full copy
can be obtained from the Company Secretary by sending an email
to: unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk.
Cyber Security
The Committee has continued discussions with all service
providers
regarding
cyber
security.
Both
Unicorn
Asset
Management and ISCA continue to take advice and action to
reduce the likelihood of attack and data breach. Similarly, control
reports were received from the Registrar. This focus continues.
Audit Committee Report
(continued)
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
3. Audit
Internal Audit
The Committee
has
not
seen
the
need
to
introduce
an
independent internal audit other than the work done by the
Committee itself. The justification for this decision is given in the
Corporate Governance Statement on page 49.
Relationship with the External Auditor
Johnston Carmichael LLP were appointed as auditor in February
2023 and are now reporting for the second time. As in their first
year they attended the audit strategy Committee Meeting and the
Committee Meeting that considered the Annual Report.
The Committee has also undertaken a review of the audit plan
received from the external auditor and assessed the effectiveness
of the audit process. When assessing the effectiveness of the
process for the year under review, the Committee considered
whether the Auditor has:
demonstrated strong technical knowledge and a clear
understanding of the business;
indicated professional scepticism in key judgements,
particularly
around
unquoted
valuations,
and
raised any significant issues in advance of the audit
process commencing;
fielded an audit team that is appropriately resourced;
demonstrated a proactive approach to the audit planning
process, engaging with the Committee Chair and other
key individuals;
provided a clear explanation of the scope and strategy of
the audit;
an expectation of clear and prompt communication with
the members of the Committee, the Administrator and
the Investment Manager and produced comprehensive
reports on its findings;
the ability to meet timetables set by the Company;
maintained independence and objectivity; and
charged justifiable fees in light of the scope of services
provided.
Non-audit services
The Committee has reviewed the implications of the Financial
Reporting Council’s (FRC) Revised Ethical Reporting Standard
2019 and as a result has decided to contract other third-party
suppliers to carry out these duties. The External Auditor does not
undertake any non-audit services for the Company.
Role Change
Aſter 14 years as your Audit Chair I am stepping down at the AGM
in February 2025 passing the responsibility to Julian Bartlett who
was recently appointed to our Board.
Jeremy Hamer
Audit Committee Chair
5 December 2024
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report
and the Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law
and regulations.
Company
law
requires
the
Directors
to
prepare
Financial
Statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors
have elected to prepare the Company’s Financial Statements in
accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting
Practice (“UK GAAP’) (United Kingdom Accounting Standards
and applicable law). Under company law the Directors must not
approve the Financial Statements unless they are satisfied that
they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company
and of the profit or loss for the Company for that period.
In preparing these Financial Statements the Directors are required
to:
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them
consistently;
make judgements and accounting estimates that are
reasonable and prudent;
state whether they have been prepared in accordance
with
UK GAAP subject
to any
material departures
disclosed and explained in the Financial Statements;
prepare a Directors' Report, a Strategic Report and
Directors' Remuneration Report which comply with the
requirements of the Companies Act 2006; and
prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern
basis unless it is inappropriate to presume the Company
will continue in business.
The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting
records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s
transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time
the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure
that the Financial Statements comply with the Companies Act
2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of
the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. The
Directors are responsible for ensuring that the Annual Report and
accounts, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced, and understandable
and provides the information necessary for Shareholders to
assess the Company’s position and performance, business model
and strategy.
Website publication
The Directors are responsible for ensuring the Annual Report
and the Financial Statements are made available on a website.
Financial Statements are published on the Company’s website
in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing
the preparation and dissemination of Financial Statements, which
may vary from legislation in other jurisdictions. The maintenance
and integrity of the Company’s website is the responsibility of
the Directors. The Directors’ responsibility also extends to the
ongoing integrity of the Financial Statements contained therein.
Directors’ responsibilities pursuant to the Disclosure Guidance
and Transparency Rule 4 of the UK Listing Authority
The Directors confirm to the best of their knowledge:
The
Financial
Statements
have
been
prepared
in
accordance with UK GAAP and give a true and fair view
of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of the
Company.
The
Annual
Report
includes
a
fair
review
of
the
development and performance of the business and
the financial position of the Company, together with a
description of the principal risks and uncertainties that it
faces.
The Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a
whole, are fair, balanced and understandable and provide
the information necessary for Shareholders to assess the
position and performance, business model and strategy
of the Company.
For and on behalf of the Board:
Tim Woodcock
Chair
5 December 2024
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Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
Opinion
We have audited the Financial Statements of Unicorn AIM
VCT plc (“the Company”), for the year ended 30 September 2024,
which comprise the Income Statement, the Statement of Financial
Position, the Statement of Changes in Equity, the Statement
of Cash Flows, and the related notes, including significant
accounting policies.
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their
preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting
Standards, including
Financial Reporting Standard 102 The
Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic
of Ireland
(United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting
Practice).
In our opinion the Financial Statements:
give a true and fair view of the state of Company’s affairs
as at 30 September 2024 and of its net profit for the year
then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United
Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements
of the Companies Act 2006.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International
Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our
responsibilities under those standards are further described in the
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements
section of our report.
We are independent of the Company in accordance with the
ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the Financial
Statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, as
applied to listed public interest entities, and we have fulfilled
our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these
requirements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient
and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Our approach to the audit
We planned our audit by first obtaining an understanding of
the Company and its environment, including its key activities
delegated by the Board to relevant approved third-party service
providers and the controls over provision of those services.
We conducted our audit using information maintained and
provided by Unicorn Asset Management Limited (the “Investment
Manager”), ISCA Administration Services Limited (the “Company
Secretary,” and “Administrator”), The Bank of New York Mellon
(the “Custodian”) and The City Partnership (UK) Limited (the
“Registrar”) to whom the Company has delegated the provision
of services.
We tailored the scope of our audit to reflect our risk assessment,
taking into account such factors as the types of investments
within the Company, the involvement of the Administrator, the
accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which the
Company operates.
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of
materiality. We set certain quantitative thresholds for materiality.
These
together
with
qualitative
considerations,
helped
us
to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing
and extent of our audit procedures on the individual financial
statement line items and disclosures and in the evaluation of the
effect of misstatements, both individually and in aggregate on the
Financial Statements as a whole.
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional
judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the Financial
Statements of the current period and include the most significant
assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to
fraud) that we identified. These matters included those which had
the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of
resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement
team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of
the Financial Statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion
thereon, we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
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Governance
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Financial Statements
Information
We summarise below the key audit matters in arriving at our audit opinion above, together with how our audit addressed these matters
and the results of our audit work in relation to these matters.
Key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter and our conclusions
Valuation and ownership of unquoted investments
As per pages 54 and 55 (Audit Committee Report),
pages 69 and 70 (Accounting Policies) and Note 9.
At 30 September 2024 the valuation of the unquoted
investment portfolio was £43.8 million.
As this is one of the largest components of the
Company’s Statement of Financial Position, and there
is a high degree of subjectivity in the valuation of
unquoted investments, it has been designated as a
key audit matter, being one of the most significant
assessed risks of material misstatements due to fraud
or error.
The unquoted investments are valued in accordance
with the revised International Private Equity and
Venture Capital (IPEV) valuation guidelines. Significant
judgement is required in applying these principles and
determining certain inputs to the valuation models.
Additionally, there is a risk that the investments
recorded as held by the Company may not represent
property of the Company.
We have performed a walkthrough of the unquoted investment valuation
process to evaluate the design of the process and implementation of key
controls.
We obtained evidence of the valuation committee’s oversight of each
valuation and assessed whether they performed their review on a
regular basis free from bias, had the necessary skills and knowledge
to perform the review, reviewed and approved estimates based on the
data available, challenged the data, assumptions and estimates used in
the valuations and if any issues were identified, addressed and resolved
those issues.
We stratified the portfolio of unquoted investments according to risk,
considering the value of individual investments, the movement in
fair value and the inherent risk factors associated with each valuation
basis. We then selected a sample of investments for testing, to ensure
appropriate coverage of each strata of the portfolio. For the sample of
unquoted investments, we:
assessed the degree to which the valuations were subject to estimation
uncertainty and the degree to which the selection and application of the
valuation method, assumptions and data were affected by complexity
and subjectivity.
For certain investments we engaged our specialist corporate finance
team to review the appropriateness of certain judgements, such as
multiples and discounts.
Obtained an understanding of the sector for each investee company for
the period being audited, making enquiries of management.
Corroborated data used in the valuation models to available independent
sources, assessing if market conditions meet management’s expectations
and any forecasts used in the valuation models are suitable, consistent
and the data is relevant and reliable.
Reperformed the calculation of the valuation models to ensure
mathematical accuracy.
Assessed if any changes from the prior year valuation models were
appropriate and in line with IPEV guidelines.
Where appropriate, developed an auditor's point estimate or range.
We agreed the ownership to share certificates and loan notes/
agreements, and where available, to the independently obtained
custodian report.
We performed back-testing over investment disposals (proceeds vs
most recent valuation) to assess for evidence of potential management
bias in the valuation process.
From our completion of these procedures, we identified no material
misstatements in relation to the valuation and ownership of the
unquoted investments.
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
(continued)
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Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter and our conclusions
Valuation and ownership of quoted investments
As per pages 54 and 55 (Audit Committee Report),
pages 69 and 70 (Accounting Policies) and Note 9.
The valuation of the level 1, quoted investment
portfolio at 30 September 2024 was £133.8 million and
the valuation of the level 2 investment portfolio was
£14.1 million.
As this is the largest component of the Company’s
Statement of Financial Position, and a key driver of the
Company’s net assets and total profit, this has been
designated as a key audit matter, being one of the most
significant assessed risks of material misstatement due
to error.
There is a further risk that the quoted investments held
at fair value may not be actively traded and the quoted
prices may not therefore be reflective of fair value.
We have performed a walkthrough of the valuation process for level
1 and level 2 investments to evaluate the design of the process and
implementation of key controls.
We have compared market prices applied to all level 1 and level 2
investments held at 30 September 2024 to an independent third-party
source and recalculated the investment valuations.
We have obtained average trading volumes from an independent third-
party source for all level 1 investments held at year end and challenged
management’s active market assessment for investments where trading
volumes indicated lower levels of liquidity.
From our completion of these procedures, we identified no material
misstatements in relation to the valuation of the quoted investments.
Revenue recognition, including allocation of special
dividends as revenue or capital returns
As per page 55 (Audit Committee Report), page 70
(Accounting Policies) and Note 2.
Investment income recognised for the year ended
30 September 2024 was £2.9 million consisting
primarily of dividend income from listed investments,
OEICs and money market funds.
Revenue-based performance metrics are oſten one of
the key performance indicators for stakeholders. The
income from investments received by the Company
during the year directly impacts these metrics and
the minimum dividend requirement to be paid by the
Company.
There is a risk that revenue is incomplete, did not occur
or is inaccurate through failure to recognise income
entitlements or failure to appropriately account for
their treatment. It has therefore been designated as
a key audit matter being one of the most significant
assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud
or error.
Additionally,
there
is
a
further
risk
of
incorrect
allocation of special dividends as revenue or capital
returns as judgement is required in determining their
allocation within the Income Statement.
We have performed a walkthrough of the revenue recognition process to
evaluate the design of the process and implementation of key controls.
We have confirmed that income is recognised and disclosed in
accordance with the AIC SORP by assessing the accounting policies.
We have recalculated 100% of dividends due from listed investments,
OEICs and money market funds to the Company based on investment
holdings
throughout
the
year
and
announcements
made
by
investee companies and agreed a sample of dividends received to bank
statements.
We inspected financial information from a sample of unquoted
investments to determine whether the unquoted investment income
was complete.
We tested a sample of dividends received from unquoted investments
during the year and agreed their receipt to bank statements.
We assessed the completeness of the special dividend population with
reference to third party market data and determined whether special
dividends recognised were revenue or capital in nature with reference
to the underlying commercial circumstances of the investee companies’
dividend payment. In our assessment we found there to be no special
dividends received within the year.
From our completion of these procedures, we identified no material
misstatements in relation to revenue recognition, including allocation of
special dividends as revenue or capital returns.
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
(continued)
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Governance
Independent Auditor's Report
Financial Statements
Information
Our application of materiality
We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the Financial Statements that makes it probable that the economic decisions
of a reasonably knowledgeable person would be changed or influenced. We use materiality in determining the nature and extent of our
work and in evaluating the results of that work.
Materiality measure
Value
Materiality for the Financial Statements as a whole
We have set materiality as 1% of net assets as we believe that net assets is the primary
performance measure used by investors and is the key driver of shareholder value. We
determined the measurement percentage to be commensurate with the risk and complexity
of the audit and the Company’s listed status.
£1.99 million
(2023: £2.12 million)
Performance materiality
Performance materiality represents amounts set by the auditor at less than materiality for the
Financial Statements as a whole, to reduce to an appropriately low level the probability that the
aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds materiality for the Financial
Statements as a whole.
In setting this we consider the Company’s overall control environment and any experience of
the audit that indicates a lower risk of material misstatements. Based on our judgements of
these factors we have set performance materiality at 75% (2023: 50%) of our overall financial
statement materiality.
£1.50 million
(2023: £1.06 million)
Specific materiality
Recognising that there are transactions and balances of a lesser amount which could influence
the understanding of users of the Financial Statements we calculate a lower level of materiality
for testing such areas.
Specifically, given the importance of the distinction between revenue and capital for the
Company, we applied a separate testing threshold for the revenue column of the Income
Statement set at the higher of 5% of the revenue profit on ordinary activities before taxation
and our Audit Committee reporting threshold.
We have also set a separate specific materiality in respect of related party transactions and
Directors’ remuneration.
We used our judgement in setting these thresholds and considered our experience and
industry benchmarks for specific materiality.
£0.10 million
(2023: £0.11 million)
Audit Committee reporting threshold
We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to them all differences in excess of
5% of overall materiality in addition to other identified misstatements that warranted reporting
on qualitative grounds, in our view. For example, an immaterial misstatement as a result of
fraud.
£0.10 million
During the course of the audit, we reassessed initial materiality and found no reason to alter the basis of calculation used at year-end.
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
(continued)
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Financial Statements
Information
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the Financial Statements, we have concluded that
the Directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in
the preparation of the Financial Statements is appropriate. Our
evaluation of the Directors’ assessment of the Company’s ability
to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting
included:
evaluating management’s method of assessing going
concern, including consideration of market conditions
and macro-economic uncertainties;
assessing and challenging the forecast cashflows and
associated sensitivity modelling used by the Directors in
support of their going concern assessment;
obtaining and recalculating management’s assessment of
the Company’s ongoing maintenance of venture capital
trust status; and
assessing the adequacy of the Company’s going concern
disclosures included in the Annual Report.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified
any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that,
individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of
at least twelve months from when the Financial Statements are
authorised for issue.
In relation to the Company’s reporting on how it has applied the
UK Corporate Governance Code, we have nothing material to add
or draw attention to in relation to the Directors’ statement in the
Financial Statements about whether the Directors considered it
appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with
respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections
of this report.
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in
the Annual Report other than the Financial Statements and our
Auditor’s Report thereon. The Directors are responsible for the
other information contained within the Annual Report. Our
opinion on the Financial Statements does not cover the other
information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated
in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion
thereon.
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in
doing so, consider whether the other information is materially
inconsistent with the Financial Statements or our knowledge
obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be
materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies
or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine
whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the Financial
Statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed,
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other
information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, the part of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to
be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the
Companies Act 2006.
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the
audit:
the information given in the Strategic Report and the
Directors’ Report for the financial year for which the
Financial Statements are prepared is consistent with the
Financial Statements; and
the Strategic Report and the Directors’ Report have
been prepared in accordance with applicable legal
requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company
and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have
not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or
the Directors’ Report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in
relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to
you if, in our opinion:
adequate accounting records have not been kept by the
Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not
been received from branches not visited by us; or
the Financial Statements and the part of the Directors’
Remuneration Report to be audited are not in agreement
with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of Directors’ remuneration specified
by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations
we require for our audit; or
a corporate governance statement has not been prepared
by the Company.
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
(continued)
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Financial Statements
Information
Corporate governance statement
The Listing Rules require us to review the Directors’ statement
in relation to going concern, longer-term viability and that
part of the Corporate Governance Statement relating to the
Company’s compliance with the provisions of the UK Corporate
Governance Code specified for our review.
Based on the work undertaken as part of our audit, we have
concluded that each of the following elements of the Corporate
Governance Statement is materially consistent with the Financial
Statements or our knowledge obtained during the audit:
the
Directors’
statement
with
regards
to
the
appropriateness of adopting the going concern basis of
accounting and any material uncertainties identified set
out on page 43;
the Directors’ explanation as to its assessment of the
Company’s prospects, the period this assessment covers
and why the period is appropriate set out on page 36;
the Directors’ statement on whether it has a reasonable
expectation that the Company will be able to continue in
operation and meet its liabilities set out on page 43;
the
Directors’
statement
on
fair,
balanced
and
understandable set out on page 57;
the Board’s confirmation that it has carried out a robust
assessment of the emerging and principal risks set out on
page 33 and 34;
the section of the Annual Report that describes the review
of the effectiveness of risk management and internal
control systems set out on page 52; and
the section describing the work of the Audit Committee
set out on pages 54 to 56.
Responsibilities of Directors
As
explained
more
fully
in
the
Directors’
responsibilities
statement set out on page 57, the Directors are responsible for
the preparation of the Financial Statements and for being satisfied
that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as
the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation
of Financial Statements that are free from material misstatement,
whether due to fraud or error.
In
preparing
the
Financial
Statements,
the
Directors
are
responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a
going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going
concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless
the Directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the Financial Statements as a whole are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an
Auditor’s Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance
is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit
conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a
material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or
in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence
the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these
Financial Statements.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the
Financial Statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s
website at: http://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This
description forms part of our Auditor’s Report.
Extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting
irregularities, including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance
with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our
responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements
in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which
our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including
fraud is detailed below.
We assessed whether the engagement team collectively had the
appropriate competence and capabilities to identify or recognise
non-compliance with laws and regulations by considering their
experience, past performance and support available.
All engagement team members were briefed on relevant
identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks at
the planning stage of the audit. Engagement team members
were reminded to remain alert to any indications of fraud or
non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.
We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory
frameworks that are applicable to the Company and the sector in
which it operates, focusing on those provisions that had a direct
effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures
in the Financial Statements. The most relevant frameworks we
identified include:
Companies Act 2006;
FCA listing and DTR rules;
the principles of the UK Corporate Governance Code
applied by the AIC Code of Corporate Governance (the
“AIC Code”);
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
(continued)
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Financial Statements
Information
industry practice represented by the Statement of
Recommended
Practice:
Financial
Statements
of
Investment Trust Companies and Venture Capital Trusts
(“the SORP”);
Financial Reporting Standard 102; and
the Company’s qualification as a Venture Capital Trust
under section 274 of the Income Tax Act 2007.
We gained an understanding of how the Company is complying
with
these
laws
and
regulations
by
making
enquiries
of
management
and
those
charged
with
governance.
We
corroborated these enquiries through our review of relevant
correspondence with regulatory bodies and board meeting
minutes.
We assessed the susceptibility of the Financial Statements to
material misstatement, including how fraud might occur, by
meeting with management and those charged with governance
to understand where it was considered there was susceptibility
to fraud. This evaluation also considered how management and
those charged with governance were remunerated and whether
this provided an incentive for fraudulent activity. We considered
the overall control environment and how management and
those charged with governance oversee the implementation and
operation of controls. In areas of the Financial Statements where
the risks were considered to be higher, we performed procedures
to address each identified risk. We identified a heightened fraud
risk in relation to:
management override of controls;
the allocation of special dividends as revenue or capital
returns; and
valuation and ownership of unquoted investments.
Audit procedures performed in response to the risks relating to
the allocation of special dividends as revenue or capital returns
and the valuation and ownership of unquoted investments
are set out in the section on key audit matters above, and audit
procedures performed in response to the risk of management
override of controls are included below.
In addition to the above, the following procedures were
performed to provide reasonable assurance that the Financial
Statements were free of material fraud or error:
reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with
governance for reference to: breaches of laws and
regulation or for any indication of any potential litigation
and claims; and events or conditions that could indicate
an incentive or pressure to commit fraud or provide an
opportunity to commit fraud;
performing audit work procedures over the risk of
management override of controls, including testing of
journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness,
recalculating the investment management fee, evaluating
the business rationale of significant transactions outside
the course of normal business and reviewing judgements
made by management in their calculation of accounting
estimates for potential management bias;
completion of appropriate checklists and use of our
experience to assess the Company’s compliance with the
Companies Act 2006 and the Listing Rules; and
agreement of the financial statement disclosures to
supporting documentation.
Our audit procedures were designed to respond to the risk of
material misstatements in the Financial Statements, recognising
that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud
is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error,
as fraud may involve intentional concealment, forgery, collusion,
omission or misrepresentation. There are inherent limitations in
the audit procedures described above and the further removed
non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and
transactions reflected in the Financial Statements, the less likely
we would become aware of it.
Other matters which we are required to address
Following the recommendation of the Audit Committee, we
were appointed by the Board on 7 February 2023 to audit the
Financial Statements for the year ended 30 September 2023
and subsequent financial periods. The period of our total
uninterrupted engagement is two years, covering the years
ended 30 September 2023 to 30 September 2024.
The non-audit services prohibited by the FRC’s Ethical Standard
were not provided to the Company and we remain independent
of the Company in conducting our audit.
Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the
Audit Committee.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as a body,
in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act
2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might
state to the Company’s members those matters we are required
to state to them in an Auditor’s Report and for no other purpose.
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or
assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the
Company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report,
or for the opinions we have formed.
Richard Sutherland (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of Johnston Carmichael LLP
Statutory Auditor
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
5 December 2024
Independent Auditor’s Report
to the Members of Unicorn AIM VCT plc
(continued)
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Income Statement
for the year ended 30 September 2024
Year ended
30 September 2024
Year ended
30 September 2023
Notes
Revenue
£'000
Capital
£'000
Total
£'000
Revenue
£'000
Capital
£'000
Total
£'000
Net unrealised losses on investments
9
(3,267)
(3,267)
(8,975)
(8,975)
Net gains on realisation of investments
9
5,689
5,689
994
994
Income
2
2,910
2,910
2,312
2,312
Investment management fees
1g & 3
(980)
(2,940)
(3,920)
(1,048)
(3,144)
(4,192)
Other expenses
4
(787)
(787)
(725)
(725)
Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities before
taxation
1,143
(518)
625
539
(11,125)
(10,586)
Tax on profit/(loss) on ordinary activities
6
Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities aſter
taxation for the financial year
1,143
(518)
625
539
(11,125)
(10,586)
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
Ordinary shares
8
0.62p
(0.28)p
0.34p
0.32p
(6.55)p
(6.23)p
All revenue and capital items in the above statement derive from continuing operations of the Company.
The total column of this statement is the Statement of Total Comprehensive Income of the Company prepared in accordance with
applicable Financial Reporting Standards ("FRS"). The supplementary revenue return and capital return columns are prepared in
accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice ("AIC SORP") issued in July 2022 by the Association of Investment Companies.
Other than revaluation movements arising on investments held at fair value through profit or loss, there were no differences between the
profit/(loss) as stated above and at historical cost.
The notes on pages 69 to 86 form part of these Financial Statements.
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Statement of Financial Position
as at 30 September 2024
Company number 04266437
30 September 2024
30 September 2023
Notes
£‘000
£'000
£‘000
£'000
Non-current assets
Investments at fair value
9
191,643
207,531
Current assets
Debtors
11
5,388
675
Cash and cash equivalents
4,420
5,357
9,808
6,032
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
12
(2,029)
(1,707)
Net current assets
7,779
4,325
Net assets
199,422
211,856
Capital
Called up share capital
13
1,904
1,729
Capital redemption reserve
199
147
Share premium account
124,570
100,974
Capital reserve
26,582
56,883
Special reserve
14
24,027
39,040
Profit and loss account
22,140
13,083
Equity Shareholders’ funds
199,422
211,856
Net asset value per Ordinary share:
Ordinary shares
15
104.72p
122.55p
The Financial Statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 5 December 2024 and were signed on
their behalf by:
Tim Woodcock
Chair
The notes on pages 69 to 86 form part of these Financial Statements.
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Statement of Changes in Equity
for the year ended 30 September 2024
Called
up share
capital
£'000
Capital
redemption
reserve
£'000
Share
premium
account
£'000
Unrealised
capital
reserve
£'000
Special
reserve*
£'000
Profit
and loss
account**
£'000
Total
£'000
At 1 October 2023
1,729
147
100,974
56,883
39,040
13,083
211,856
Shares repurchased and cancelled
(see Note 13)
(52)
52
(4,885)
(4,885)
Shares issued under Offer for Subscription
(see Note 13)
187
19,812
19,999
Expenses of shares issued under Offer for
Subscription (see Note 14)
(503)
(503)
Proceeds from DRIS share issues
40
4,325
4,365
Expenses of DRIS share issues
(38)
(38)
Transfer from special reserve***
(4,077)
4,077
Gains on disposal of investments (net of
transaction costs)
5,689
5,689
Realisation of previously unrealised
valuation movements****
(27,034)
27,034
Net decreases in unrealised valuations in
the year
(3,267)
(3,267)
Dividends paid (Note 7)
(6,051)
(25,946)
(31,997)
Investment Management fee charged to
capital
(2,940)
(2,940)
Revenue return for the year
1,143
1,143
At 30 September 2024
1,904
199
124,570
26,582
24,027
22,140
199,422
At 1 October 2022
1,640
113
85,063
55,038
68,338
10,934
221,126
Shares repurchased and cancelled
(see Note 13)
(34)
34
(3,785)
(3,785)
Shares issued under Offer for Subscription
(see Note 13)
111
14,885
14,996
Expenses of shares issued under Offer for
Subscription (see Note 14)
(377)
(377)
Proceeds from DRIS share issues
12
1,438
1,450
Expenses of DRIS share issues
(35)
(35)
Transfer from special reserve***
(14,568)
14,568
Gains on disposal of investments (net of
transaction costs)
994
994
Realisation of previously unrealised
valuation movements****
10,820
(10,820)
Net decreases in unrealised valuations in
the year
(8,975)
(8,975)
Dividends paid (Note 7)
(10,945)
12
(10,933)
Investment Management fee charged to
capital
(3,144)
(3,144)
Revenue return for the year
539
539
At 30 September 2023
1,729
147
100,974
56,883
39,040
13,083
211,856
* The special reserve and profit and loss account are distributable to Shareholders. The special reserve was created by the cancellation of the Share premium account and Capital
redemption reserve in March 2019.
** The profit and loss account consists of the Revenue reserve of £1.0 million and the realised capital reserve of £21.1 million.
*** Transfer of realised losses in accordance with accounting policy f(iii) on page 70.
**** Transfer of previously unrealised valuation movements on investments sold in the year.
The notes on pages 69 to 86 form part of these Financial Statements.
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Statement of Cash Flows
for the year ended 30 September 2024
30 September 2024
30 September 2023
Notes
£‘000
£'000
£‘000
£'000
Operating activities
Investment income received
3,188
2,145
Investment management fees paid
(3,974)
(4,227)
Other cash payments
(883)
(766)
Net cash outflow from operating activities
16
(1,669)
(2,848)
Investing activities
Purchase of investments
9
(65,905)
(26,604)
Sale of investments
9
79,305
9,636
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from investing activities
13,400
(16,968)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) before financing
11,731
(19,816)
Financing
Dividends paid
7
(27,641)
(9,483)
Unclaimed dividends returned
400
504
Shares issued under Offer for Subscription (net of transaction costs)
14
19,496
14,619
Expenses of DRIS share issues
(38)
(35)
Shares repurchased for cancellation
13
(4,885)
(4,183)
Net cash (outflow)/inflow from financing
(12,668)
1,422
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(937)
(18,394)
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September 2023
5,357
23,751
Cash and cash equivalents at 30 September 2024
4,420
5,357
The notes on pages 69 to 86 form part of these Financial Statements.
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Notes to the Financial Statements
for the year ended 30 September 2024
1.
Accounting policies
A summary of the principal accounting policies, all of which have been applied consistently throughout the year, is set out below:
a)
Basis of accounting
The Financial Statements have been prepared under FRS 102 and the SORP issued by the Association of Investment Companies
in July 2022.
In accordance with the requirements of FRS 102 Section 14.4B, those undertakings in which the Company holds more than 20% of
the equity as part of an investment portfolio are not accounted for using the equity method. In these circumstances the investment is
measured at “fair value through profit or loss”. The Company is exempt from preparing consolidated accounts under the investment
entities exemption as permitted by FRS 102.
The Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention, except for the
measurement at fair value of investments designated as fair value through profit or loss.
As a result of the Directors’ decision to distribute capital profits by way of a dividend, the Company revoked its investment company
status as defined under section 266(3) of the Companies Act 1985, on 17 August 2004.
b)
Going concern
After due consideration, the Directors believe that the Company has adequate resources for a period of at least 12 months from the date of
the approval of the Financial Statements and that it is appropriate to apply the going concern basis in preparing the Financial Statements.
As at 30 September 2024, the Company held cash balances of £4.4 million, £19.1 million in fully listed stocks and £14.1 million in the Unicorn
Ethical OEIC fund, the BlackRock Cash Fund (Unit Trust) and the Royal London Short-Term Money Market Fund (OEIC). The majority of the
Company’s investment portfolio remains invested in qualifying and non-qualifying AIM traded equities which may be realised, subject
to the need for the Company to maintain its VCT status. The cash flow projections, covering a period of at least twelve months from the
date of approving the Financial Statements, have been reviewed and show that the Company has access to sufficient liquidity to meet
both contracted expenditure and any discretionary cash outflows from buybacks and dividends. The Company has no borrowings and is
therefore not exposed to any gearing covenants.
c)
Presentation of the Income Statement
In order to better reflect the activities of a VCT and in accordance with the SORP, supplementary information which analyses
the Income Statement between items of a revenue and capital nature has been presented alongside the Statement of Total
Comprehensve Income. The revenue column of the profit attributable to Shareholders is the measure the Directors believe
appropriate in assessing the Company’s compliance with certain requirements set out in section 274 Income Tax Act 2007.
d)
Investments
All investments held by the Company are classified as “fair value through profit or loss”, in accordance with FRS102. This classification
is followed as the Company’s business is to invest in financial assets with a view to profiting from their total return in the form of
capital growth and income and in accordance with the Company’s risk management and investment policy. In the preparation of
the valuations of assets, in accordance with current International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation ("IPEV") guidelines, the
Directors are required to make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and incorporate their knowledge of the performance
of the investee companies.
For investments actively traded on organised financial markets, fair value is generally determined by reference to Stock
Exchange market quoted bid prices at the close of business on the balance sheet date. Purchases and sales of quoted
investments are recognised on the trade date where a contract of sale exists whose terms require delivery within a time
frame determined by the relevant market.
For level 2 investments fair value is determined by the Net Asset Value of the OEIC at the Balance Sheet date.
Unquoted investments, including the Tribe Technology Loan Stock, are reviewed at least quarterly to ensure that the
fair values are appropriately stated and are valued in accordance with current IPEV guidelines, as updated in December
2022, which relies on subjective estimates. Fair value is established by assessing different methods of valuation, such as
price of recent transaction, earnings multiples, discounted cash flows and net assets. Purchases and sales of unlisted
investments are recognised when the contract for acquisition or sale becomes unconditional.
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Where a company’s underperformance against plan indicates a diminution in the value of the investment, provision
against cost is made, as appropriate. Where it is considered the value of an investment has fallen permanently below
cost, the loss is treated as a permanent impairment and as a realised loss, even though the investment is still held. The
Board assesses the portfolio for such investments and, aſter agreement with the Investment Manager, will agree the
values that represent the extent to which an investment loss has become realised. This is based upon an assessment of
objective evidence of that investment’s prospects, to determine whether there is potential for the investment to recover
in value.
Redemption premiums on loan stock investments are recognised at fair value when the Company receives the right to a
premium and when considered recoverable.
e)
Income
Dividends receivable on quoted equity shares are taken to revenue on the ex-dividend date. Dividends receivable on unquoted
equity shares are brought into account when the Company’s right to receive payment is established and there is no reasonable
doubt that payment will be received. Fixed returns on non-equity shares are recognised on a time apportioned basis so as to reflect
the effective interest rate, provided there is no reasonable doubt that payment will be received in due course. Fixed returns on debt
securities are recognised on a time-apportioned basis so as to reflect the effective yield.
Dividends are allocated to revenue or capital depending on whether the dividend is of a revenue or capital nature. Capital
reconstructions or reorganisations of the investee company resulting in the payment of a dividend may be considered to be of a
capital nature. Such dividends are reviewed on a case by case basis.
f)
Reserves
(i)
Realised (included within the Profit and loss account reserve)
The following are accounted for in these reserves:
the costs associated with running the Company.
gains and losses on realisation of investments;
permanent diminution in value of investments; and
transaction costs incurred in the acquisition of investments.
(ii)
Unrealised capital reserve (Revaluation reserve)
Increases and decreases in the valuation of investments held at the year-end are accounted for in this reserve, except to the extent
that the diminution is deemed permanent.
In accordance with stating all investments at fair value through profit or loss, all such movements through both unrealised and
realised capital reserves are shown within the Income Statement for the year.
(iii) Special reserve
The Special reserve was created by the cancellation of the Share premium account and Capital redemption reserve in March 2019.
The purpose of the Special reserve is to fund market purchases of the Company’s own shares as and when it is considered by the
Board to be in the interests of the Shareholders, make distributions and to write-off existing and future losses (including permanent
impairments) as the Company must take into account capital losses in determining distributable reserves. In addition, 75% of the
management fee and the related tax effect are transferred to this reserve. Included in the transfer to the Special reserve from the
profit and loss account is the total of realised losses incurred by the Company in the year of £1,054,000.
(iv)
Capital redemption reserve
Represents the nominal value of the shares purchased and cancelled.
(v)
Share premium account
Represents the amount received in excess of nominal value on the issue of shares.
(vi) Share capital
Represents the nominal value of the shares issued.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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g)
Expenses
All expenses are accounted for on an accruals basis. Expenses are charged wholly to revenue, with the exception of expenses
incidental to the acquisition or disposal of an investment, which are charged to capital, and with the further exception that 75% of
the fees payable to the Investment Manager are charged against capital. This is in line with the Board's expected long-term split of
returns from the investment portfolio of the Company.
h)
Taxation
No taxation liability arises on the Company's income or any gains on sales of fixed asset investments by virtue of its VCT status.
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where
transactions or events that result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future or a right to pay less tax in the future have occurred
at the balance sheet date. Timing differences are differences between the Company’s taxable profits and its results as stated in the
Financial Statements that arise from the inclusion of gains and losses in the tax assessments in periods different from those in which
they are recognised in the Financial Statements.
Deferred tax is measured at the average tax rates that are expected to apply in the years in which the timing differences are expected
to reverse based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is
measured on a non-discounted basis.
A deferred tax asset is recognised only to the extent that it is more likely than not that future taxable profits will be available against
which the asset can be utilised.
Any tax relief obtained in respect of management fees allocated to capital is credited to the capital reserve – realised and a
corresponding amount is charged against revenue. The tax relief is the amount by which any corporation tax payable is reduced as
a result of these capital expenses.
i)
Cash and cash equivalents
This includes cash at bank and in hand.
j)
Judgements and estimates
The preparation of the Financial Statements requires the Company to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect
amounts reported for assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the amounts reported for revenues and expenditure during
the year. The nature of estimation means that the actual outcomes may differ from such estimates, possibly significantly.
The majority of the Company’s equity investments, Unit Trusts and OEICs, £147.8 million at the year end, are valued using bid market
prices or net asset values, and do not require significant estimates to be used. However, significant estimates are used in valuing
unquoted investments, £43.8 million at the year end, where there is no available market price. These estimates have a risk of material
adjustment within the next year. A more detailed analysis of the valuation methods used is shown in Note 17 on pages 80 to 85.
Significant estimates are not used in valuing the Company’s other net current assets and liabilities, £7.8 million at the year end.
In addition, whilst not affecting the Net Asset Value of the Company, judgement is used in deciding whether a holding should be
impaired and this does affect the level of distributable reserves. Further details are given in Note 9 on page 76.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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2. Income
2024
2023
Revenue
£'000
Capital
£'000
Total
£'000
Revenue
£'000
Capital
£'000
Total
£'000
Income from investments
– equities
1,830
1,830
1,590
1,590
– loan stocks
6
6
148
148
– bank interest
81
81
115
115
– Unicorn managed OEIC
(including reinvested dividends)
189
189
193
193
– Other OEIC and Unit Trust
804
804
266
266
Total income
2,910
2,910
2,312
2,312
Total income comprises:
Dividends
2,823
2,823
2,049
2,049
Loan stock
6
6
148
148
Interest
81
81
115
115
2,910
2,910
2,312
2,312
Income from investments comprises:
Listed UK securities
470
470
210
210
OEIC and Unit Trust
804
804
266
266
AIM and unquoted companies
1,555
1,555
1,721
1,721
2,829
2,829
2,197
2,197
3.
Investment Management fees
2024
2023
Revenue
£'000
Capital
£'000
Total
£'000
Revenue
£'000
Capital
£'000
Total
£'000
Unicorn Asset Management Limited
980
2,940
3,920
1,048
3,144
4,192
The Management fee is calculated as follows:
Net assets
Since 1 January 2022
Up to £200 million
2.0% per annum as at the relevant quarter date
In excess of £200 million and up to £450 million
1.5% per annum as at the relevant quarter date
In excess of £450 million
1.0% per annum as at the relevant quarter date
At 30 September 2024, officers and employees of the Investment Manager held 1,557, 866 shares in the Company.
During the year, Unicorn Asset Management Limited (“UAML”) received an annual management fee, as detailed above, of the net asset
value of the Company, excluding the value of the investments in the Unicorn OEICs.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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If the Company raises further funds during a quarter the net asset value for that quarter is reduced by an amount equal to the amount
raised, net of costs, multiplied by the percentage of days in that quarter prior to the funds being raised. The annual management fee
charged to the Company is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears. In the year ended 30 September 2024, UAML also earned fees of
£25,000 (2023: £27,000), being OEIC management fees calculated on the value of the Company’s holdings in the OEIC on a daily basis.
This management fee is 0.75% per annum of the net asset value of the Unicorn UK Ethical Fund OEIC.
The management fee will be subject to repayment to the extent that the annual costs of the Company incurred in the ordinary course
of business have exceeded 2.75% of the closing net assets of the Company at each year end. There was no excess of expenses for year
2023/24 or the prior year.
4. Other expenses
2024
£‘000
2023
£‘000
Directors’ remuneration (see Note 5 below)
138
139
IFA trail commission
27
30
Administration services (ISCA)
204
192
Broker’s fees
14
14
Custody fees
87
60
Loan stock interest impaired
9
Auditors’ fees
– for audit related services pursuant to legislation excluding VAT
50
43
VCT compliance monitoring fees
21
20
Other professional fees (including taxation fees)
42
25
Directors’ and officers' insurance
9
10
Registrar’s fees
81
88
Printing
30
28
Sundry
75
76
787
725
5.
Directors' remuneration
2024
£‘000
2023
£‘000
Directors’ emoluments
Tim Woodcock
38
35
Charlotta Ginman
33
31
Jeremy Hamer
36
33
Josephine Tubbs
31
29
Jocelin Harris (retired 7 February 2023)
11
138
139
No pension scheme contributions or retirement benefit contributions were paid. There are no share option contracts held by the
Directors. Since all the Directors are non-executive, the other disclosures required by the Listing Rules are not applicable.
The Company has no employees.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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6.
Taxation on ordinary activities
a)
Analysis of tax charge in the year
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Current and total tax charge (Note 6b)
b)
Factors affecting tax charge for the year:
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities before tax
625
(10,586)
Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of
corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023: 22%)
156
(2,329)
Non-taxable UK dividend income
(505)
(451)
Non-taxable unrealised losses
817
1,975
Non-taxable realised gains
(1,422)
(219)
Allowable expense not charged to revenue
735
692
Deferred tax not recognised
219
332
Actual current charge – revenue
Impact of allowable expenditure credited to capital reserve
(735)
(692)
Additional deferred tax not recognised
735
692
Actual tax charge – capital
Tax charge for the year
Tax relief relating to investment management fees is allocated between Revenue and Capital in the same proportion as such fees.
There is no taxation in relation to capital gains or losses. Due to the Company’s status as a Venture Capital Trust, and the intention to
continue meeting the conditions required to maintain this status in the foreseeable future, the Company has not provided deferred tax
on any capital gains and losses arising on the revaluation or disposal of investments.
No deferred tax asset has been recognised on surplus management expenses carried forward. At present it is not envisaged that any tax
will be recovered in the foreseeable future. The amount of surplus management expenses carried forward is £57,389,000 (30 September
2023: £53,573,000).
The UK government announced an increase in the main rate of corporation tax to 25% for the financial years beginning 1 April 2023. This
new rate was substantively enacted by the Finance Act 2021 on 10 June 2021.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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7.
Dividends
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the year:
Interim capital dividend of 3.0 pence (2023: 3.0 pence) per share
for the year ended 30 September 2024 paid on 13 August 2024
5,728
5,204
Final capital dividend of 3.5 pence (2023: 3.5 pence) per share
for the year ended 30 September 2023 paid on 14 February 2024
6,051
5,741
Special interim capital dividend of 11.7 pence (2023: nil pence) per share
for the year ended 30 September 2024 paid on 14 February 2024
20,226
Total dividends paid in the year
32,005
10,945
Unclaimed dividends returned
(8)
(12)
Total dividends*
31,997
10,933
*
The difference between total dividends and that shown in the Cash Flow Statement is £4,356,000, which is the amount of dividends reinvested under the DRIS.
The proposed final dividend is subject to approval by Shareholders at the Annual General Meeting and has not been included as a liability
in these Financial Statements. The final dividend will consist of a 3.1 pence capital dividend and 0.4 pence revenue dividend in order to
ensure the Company does not retain more than 15% of its income from shares and securities.
As stated in the Chair's Statement on page 4, the Board has also declared a special dividend of 6.0 pence per share as a result of the M&A
activity that led to the disposal of our shareholdings in Mattioli Woods and Keywords Studios during, and shortly aſter, the period end.
This special dividend will be payable alongside the final dividend on 21 February 2025.
Set out below are the total income dividends payable in respect of the 2023/24 financial year, which is the basis on which the requirements
of Section 274 of the Income Tax Act 2007 are considered.
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Profit for the year
1,143
539
Proposed final income dividend of 0.4 pence (2023: nil pence)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
762
–†
In the previous year, despite the revenue profit for the year, no revenue dividend could be made due to the deficit on the revenue reserve.
8.
Basic and diluted earnings and return per share
2024
2023
Total earnings aſter taxation: (£'000)
625
(10,586)
Basic and diluted earnings per share (Note a) (pence)
0.34
(6.23)
Net revenue from ordinary activities aſter taxation (£'000)
1,143
539
Revenue earnings per share (Note b) (pence)
0.62
0.32
Total capital return (£'000)
(518)
(11,125)
Capital earnings per share (Note c) (pence)
(0.28)
(6.55)
Weighted average number of shares in issue during the year
183,590,913
169,795,766
Notes
a) Basic and diluted earnings per share is total earnings aſter taxation divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.
b) Revenue earnings per share is net revenue aſter taxation divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.
c) Capital earnings per share is total capital return divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.
There are no instruments in place that may increase the number of shares in issue in future. Accordingly, the above figures currently represent both basic and diluted returns.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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9.
Investments at fair value
Fully
listed
£'000
Traded on
AIM
£'000
Unlisted
shares
£'000
Unlisted
loan stock
£'000
Other
funds*
£'000
2024
Total
£'000
2023
Total
£'000
Opening book cost at
30 September 2023
8,357
126,473
14,488
500
16,496
166,314
150,578
Unrealised (losses)/gains at
30 September 2023
(1,055)
42,352
16,524
(938)
56,883
55,038
Permanent impairment in
value of investments
(11,020)
(4,646)
(15,666)
(7,075)
Opening valuation at
30 September 2023
7,302
157,805
26,366
500
15,558
207,531
198,541
Shares delisted
(3,377)
3,377
Purchases at cost
14,965
13,883
600
37,500
66,948
26,606
Sale proceeds
(4,325)
(39,989)
(1,034)
(500)
(39,500)
(85,348)
(9,636)
Net realised gains
357
4,939
601
(118)
5,779
995
Movement in unrealised gains
810
(18,545)
13,856
612
(3,267)
(8,975)
Closing valuation at
30 September 2024
19,109
114,716
43,166
600
14,052
191,643
207,531
Book cost at 30 September 2024
20,980
115,078
27,184
600
14,563
178,405
166,314
Unrealised (losses)/gains at
30 September 2024
(1,871)
1,837
27,128
(511)
26,583
56,883
Permanent impairment in value
of investments (see note)
(2,199)
(11,146)
(13,345)
(15,666)
Closing valuation at
30 September 2024
19,109
114,716
43,166
600
14,052
191,643
207,531
Transaction costs on the purchase and disposal of investments of £90,000 were incurred in the year. These have not been deducted
from realised gains shown above of £5,779,000 but have been deducted in arriving at gains on realisation of investments disclosed in the
Income Statement of £5,689,000.
The shares delisted during the year relate to Destiny Pharma (£2,038,000), Gama Aviation (£368,000) and Saietta (£971,000).
* Other funds include the Unicorn Ethical Fund, the BlackRock Cash Fund and the Royal London Short-Term Money Market Fund.
Note: Permanent impairments of £15,666,000 were held in respect of losses on investments held at the previous year end. No impairments
have been provided for in the year. The reduction in impairments of £2,321,000 relate to the sale of Osirium Technologies (£1,971,000)
and companies dissolved, Individual Restaurant Company (£163,000) and Le Chameau Group (£187,000).
Reconciliation of cash movements in investment transactions
The difference between the purchases above and that shown in the Cash Flows is £1,043,000 which relates to the takeover of City Pub
Group by Young & Co. The difference between the sale proceeds in Note 9 and that shown in the Cash Flows is £6,043,000 which relates
to the takeover of City Pub Group (£1,043,000) and trades for future settlement (£5,000,000).
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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10. Significant interests
At 30 September 2024, the Company held significant investments, amounting to 3% or more of the equity capital of an undertaking, in
the following companies:
Stock
Equity
investment
(ordinary shares)
£'000
Investment in
loan stock and
preference shares
£'000
Total
investment
(at cost)
£'000
Percentage of
investee company’s
total equity
%
Hasgrove
1,277
1,277
25.9
Feedback
4,000
4,000
18.2
Aurrigo International
4,458
4,458
16.7
British Honey Company (The)
3,101
3,101
16.6
LungLife AI
3,835
3,835
12.7
PHSC
253
253
12.2
Incanthera
1,960
1,960
11.2
nkoda Limited
2,496
2,496
10.5
LightwaveRF
2,616
2,616
9.9
Anpario
1,423
1,423
9.2
Huddled Group (formerly Let's Explore Group)
2,250
2,250
9.1
Directa Plus
5,250
5,250
9.0
Oberon Investments Group
2,224
2,224
9.0
Verici DX
3,125
3,125
8.4
Tribe Technology
2,000
600
2,600
8.3
Oxford Biodynamics
3,498
3,498
8.1
Dillistone Group
1,078
1,078
7.8
Heartstone Inns
1,112
1,112
7.6
Fusion Antibodies
1,410
1,410
6.7
Crawshaw Group
1,538
1,538
6.4
Cloudified Holdings(formerly Falanx Group)
1,500
1,500
6.3
Avingtrans
1,864
1,864
5.9
SulNOx Group
1,800
1,800
5.4
Tracsis
1,500
1,500
5.4
Phynova
1,500
1,500
5.3
Pulsar Group (formerly Access Intelligence)
3,159
3,159
5.1
Eden Research
1,500
1,500
4.3
Destiny Pharma
2,500
2,500
4.3
Hardide
2,054
2,054
4.1
Trellus Health
2,500
2,500
3.9
Syndicate Room Group
1,250
1,250
3.8
Engage XR
2,084
2,084
3.6
Touchstar
338
338
3.5
SkinBioTherapeutics
1,500
1,500
3.5
Tristel
878
878
3.4
Arecor Therapeutics
2,778
2,778
3.2
Polarean Imaging
2,257
2,257
3.2
Diales (formerly Driver Group)
1,113
1,113
3.1
PCI-PAL
1,023
1,023
3.1
All of the above companies are incorporated in the United Kingdom.
At 30 September 2024, the Company held 20% of the Income B shares issued by the Unicorn UK Ethical Income Fund. Unicorn UK Ethical
Income Fund is a sub-fund of the Unicorn Investment Funds ICVC, managed by Unicorn Asset Management Limited ("UAML").
The Company owns 25.9% of the equity of Hasgrove. The value of Hasgrove at 30 September 2024 was £40.3 million equating to 20.2%
of net assets. In Hasgrove's last financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023, the turnover was £37.0 million, profit before
tax was £9.9 million and net assets £13.3 million.
The total percentage of equity held in the Company’s investments by funds managed by UAML is disclosed in the Investment Portfolio
Summary on pages 14 to 20 of this Report.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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11. Debtors
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Amounts due within one year:
Trades for future settlement*
5,000
Prepayments and accrued income
388
675
5,388
675
* Withdrawals from Money Market Funds settled on 2 October 2024.
12. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Accruals
1,134
1,203
Unclaimed dividends
895
504
2,029
1,707
13. Called up share capital
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Allotted, called-up and fully paid:
Ordinary shares of 1p each: 190,437,026 (2023: 172,876,156)
1,904
1,729
During the year, the Company made purchases of 5,205,225 (a total of £52,052 nominal value) of its own Ordinary shares for a total cost
of £4,885,000 representing 3.0% of the opening share capital.
In January 2024, the Company announced an Offer for Subscription which opened on 8 February 2024 and closed fully subscribed on
15 February 2024. The Company allotted 18,692,025 Ordinary shares representing 10.8% of the opening share capital at prices ranging
from 106.97 pence to 110.38 pence per share, raising net funds of £19,496,000 from gross funds raised of £19,999,000.
During the year, the Company allotted 4,074,070 Ordinary shares at an average price of 107.16 pence per share under the DRIS.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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14. Reserves
The full details of the changes in reserves are shown in the Statement of Changes in Equity on page 67.
The purpose of the Special reserve is to fund market purchases of the Company’s own shares as and when it is considered by the Board to
be in the interests of the Shareholders, make distributions and to write-off existing and future losses (including permanent impairments)
as the Company must take into account capital losses in determining distributable reserves. In addition, 75% of the management fee and
the related tax effect are transferred to this reserve. Included in the transfer to the Special reserve from the profit and loss account is the
total of realised losses incurred by the Company in the year of £1,054,000.
Reconciliation of the Statement of Cash Flows to the Statement of Changes in Equity.
The Statement of Cash Flows discloses an inflow of funds of £19,496,000 being shares issued under the Offer for Subscription of
£19,999,000, less expenses of shares issued under the Offer for Subscription. Total expenses were £503,000, being 2.5% of amounts
subscribed under the Offer (less any discount), payable to the Investment Manager as Promoter to the Offer.
15. Net asset value
2024
2023
Net Assets
£199,422,000
£211,856,000
Number of shares in issue
190,437,026
172,876,156
Net asset value per share
104.72p
122.55p
16. Reconciliation of profit for the year to net cash outflow from operating activities
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Profit/(loss) for the year
625
(10,586)
Net unrealised losses on investments
3,267
8,975
Net gains on realisation of investments
(5,689)
(994)
Transaction costs
(90)
(1)
Decrease/(increase) in debtors and prepayments
287
(160)
Decrease in creditors and accruals
(69)
(80)
Reconciling items – dividends reinvested
(2)
Net cash outflow from operating activities
(1,669)
(2,848)
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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17. Financial instruments
The Company’s financial instruments comprise:
Equity, preference shares, OEICs, Unit Trusts and loan stocks that are held in accordance with the Company’s investment objective.
Cash and short-term debtors and creditors that arise directly from the Company’s operations.
The principal purpose of these financial instruments is to generate revenue and capital appreciation through the Company’s operations.
The Company has no gearing or other financial liabilities apart from short-term creditors.
It is, and has been throughout the year under review, the Company’s policy that no trading in derivative financial instruments shall be
undertaken.
Classification of financial instruments
The Company held the following categories of financial instruments at 30 September 2024. All assets are included in the Statement of
Financial Position at fair value and all liabilities at amortised cost which equates to fair value.
2024
(Book and
fair value)
£'000
2023
(Book and
fair value)
£'000
Assets at fair value through profit or loss:
Investment portfolio
191,643
207,531
Loans and receivables
Trades for future settlement
5,000
Accrued income
370
657
Cash at bank
4,420
5,357
Liabilities at amortised cost or equivalent
Creditors (including unclaimed dividends)
(2,029)
(1,707)
Total for financial instruments
199,404
211,838
Non-financial instruments
18
18
Total net assets
199,422
211,856
The investment portfolio principally consists of fully listed investments, AIM quoted investments, unquoted investments, collective OEIC
investment funds and a Unit Trust. These are valued at their bid price, net asset value, or Directors' valuation for unquoted investments,
which represents fair value.
The investment portfolio has a high concentration of risk towards small, UK based companies, the majority of which are quoted on the
Sterling denominated UK AIM market (57.5% of net assets), within other funds (7.0% of net assets), unquoted investments 22.0% of net
assets) and fully listed shares (9.6% of net assets).
The main risks arising from the Company’s financial instruments are due to investment or market price risk, credit risk, interest rate
risk and liquidity risk. There have been no changes in the nature of these risks that the Company has faced during the past year. The
Board reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below. There have been no changes in their
objectives, policies or processes for managing risks during the past year.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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Risk
Market Price Risk:
Market price risk arises from uncertainty about the changes in market prices of financial instruments held in accordance
with the Company’s investment objectives. These changes in market prices are determined by many factors but include the operational
and financial performance of the underlying investee companies, as well as market perceptions of the future performance of the UK
economy and its impact upon the economic environment in which these companies operate.
Credit Risk:
Failure by counter-parties to deliver securities which the Company has paid for, or pay for securities which the Company has
delivered. The Company uses a third-party custodian, and were that entity not to segregate client assets from its own, it would expose the
Company’s assets so held to such risk. The Company is exposed to credit risk through its debtors and holdings of loan stocks and cash.
Cash is held at banks with a credit rating of A or above.
The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risks at 30 September 2024 was:
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Loan stock investments
600
500
Trades for future settlement
5,000
Accrued income and other debtors
370
657
Cash at bank
4,420
5,357
10,390
6,514
The following table shows the expected maturity of the loan stock investments referred to above:
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Repayable or converting within
0 to 1 year
500
1 to 2 years
2 to 3 years
3 to 4 years
4 to 5 years
600
Total
600
500
Liquidity Risk:
The Company’s investments in the equity and loan stocks of unlisted, AIM and Acquis Exchange listed companies are thinly
traded and as such the prices tend to be more volatile than those of more widely traded securities. In addition, the Company may not
be able to realise the investments at their carrying value if there are no willing purchasers. The ability of the Company to purchase or sell
investments is also constrained by the requirements for continuing to qualify as a Venture Capital Trust.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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The maturity profile of the Company's financial liabilities, including creditors is as follows:
2024
£'000
2023
£'000
Within 1 year or less
2,029
1,707
Interest Rate Risk:
Some of the Company's financial assets are interest-bearing. As a result, the Company is exposed to fair value interest
rate risk due to fluctuations in the prevailing level of market interest rates. The value of the Company’s equity and non-equity investments,
OEIC and Unit Trust investments and its net revenue may be affected by interest rate movements. Investments in the portfolio include
small businesses, which are relatively high risk investments which may be sensitive to interest rate fluctuations. On maturity of the
Company’s fixed rate non-equity investments, it may not be possible to re-invest in assets which provide the same rates as those currently
held. The amount of revenue receivable from fixed interest stocks, other funds and on bank balances may be affected by fluctuations in
interest rates.
Currency Risk:
All assets and liabilities are denominated in Sterling. There is no material currency risk other than the impact currency
fluctuations may have on the performance of investee companies' operations.
Management of risk
Market Price Risk:
At formal meetings held at least quarterly, the Board reviews the Company’s exposure to market price risk inherent in
the Company’s portfolio. Mitigation is achieved by maintaining a spread of equities across different market sectors. The Board seeks to
ensure that a proportion of the Company’s assets is invested in cash and readily realisable securities. The Company does not use derivative
instruments to hedge against market risk.
The Company holds an investment totalling £4.0 million (2023: £3.5 million) in the Unicorn UK Ethical Fund managed by UAML.
The Unicorn UK Ethical Fund is diversified across a number of holdings with 100% invested in AIM and fully listed companies, or held in
cash and as such, is exposed to overall market risk.
As at 30 September 2024, the Unicorn UK Ethical Income Fund contained 19% in AIM shares and 79% in fully listed stocks with an average
market capitalisation of £1.3 billion. In addition, 2% was held in cash.
Liquidity risk:
Besides the maintenance of a spread of investments within the investment portfolio, the Company maintains liquidity
by holding adequate levels of cash, OEIC funds and a Unit Trust which can be realised to meet the costs of future investments and
running costs.
Credit Risk:
All transactions are settled on the basis of delivery against payment. The Board manages market and credit risks in respect of
the current investments and cash by ensuring that the Investment Manager diversifies investments and under VCT rules none may exceed
15% of the Company’s total assets at the time of investment.
Credit Quality:
Financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired comprise investments in equity and preference shares, investments
in OEICs, Unit Trusts, investments in loan stock, cash and debtors. The credit quality of cash can be assessed with reference to external
credit ratings and are currently rated as A or higher for cash held at NatWest and BNY Mellon. The credit quality of the loan stock and
debtors cannot be readily assessed by reference to external credit ratings.
Interest Rate Risk:
The Company’s assets and liabilities include cash, other funds and one fixed interest non-equity stock, the value of
which is reviewed by the Board, as referred to above. As most of the portfolio is non-interest bearing, the direct exposure to interest rates
is insignificant. The impact of changes in interest rates on the value of the portfolio is discussed in the sensitivity analysis below.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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Financial net assets
The interest rate profile of the Company’s financial net assets at 30 September 2024 was:
Financial
net assets
on which no
interest paid
£'000
Fixed rate
financial
assets
£'000
Variable rate
financial
assets
£'000
Total
£'000
Weighted
average
interest rate
%
Average
period to
maturity
(years)
Equity shares
176,991
176,991
N/A
N/A
Unicorn OEIC
3,956
3,956
N/A
N/A
Other funds
10,096
10,096
N/A
N/A
Loan stocks
600
600
7.5
4.8
Cash
4,420
4,420
N/A
N/A
Trades for future settlement
5,000
5,000
N/A
N/A
Debtors
370
370
N/A
N/A
Creditors
(2,029)
(2,029)
N/A
N/A
Total for financial instruments
184,288
600
14,516
199,404
Other non financial assets
18
18
Total net assets
184,306
600
14,516
199,422
The interest rate profile of the Company’s financial net assets at 30 September 2023 was:
Financial
net assets
on which no
interest paid
£'000
Fixed rate
financial
assets
£'000
Variable rate
financial
assets
£'000
Total
£'000
Weighted
average
interest rate
%
Average
period to
maturity
(years)
Equity shares
191,473
191,473
N/A
N/A
Unicorn OEIC
3,488
3,488
N/A
N/A
Other funds
12,070
12,070
N/A
N/A
Loan stocks
500
500
7.5
1
Cash
5,357
5,357
N/A
N/A
Debtors
657
657
N/A
N/A
Creditors
(1,707)
(1,707)
N/A
N/A
Total for financial instruments
193,911
500
17,427
211,838
Other non financial assets
18
18
Total net assets
193,929
500
17,427
211,856
The Company’s investments in equity shares and similar instruments have been excluded from the interest rate risk profile as they have no
maturity date and would thus distort the weighted average period information.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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Sensitivity analysis – quoted investments
The Board believes that the Company’s assets are mainly exposed to market price risk, as the Company is required to hold most of its assets
in the form of investments in small companies which are denominated in Sterling. Most of these assets are, or will be, held in companies
quoted on the AIM Market where the Company’s investment objective is to achieve a return, partly from dividends, but mainly from capital
growth from realisations. The table below shows the impact on profit and net assets if there were to be a 20% movement in overall share
prices, which might in part be caused by changes in interest rate levels, but it is not considered possible to evaluate separately the impact
of changes in interest rates upon the Company’s portfolio of investments in small companies.
For this purpose the investment in the OEIC managed by UAM, the BlackRock Unit Trust and the Royal London OEIC are also included
in this analysis. The Financial Highlights and the Investment Portfolio Summary at the front of this Annual Report give Shareholders
further analysis in percentages of investments by asset class and market sector, and page 83 contains information on segments of
market capitalisation, under “Management of risk”. The sensitivity analysis below assumes that each of these sub categories produces
a movement overall of 20%, which the Directors feel is a reasonable assumption in the current climate, and that the portfolio of shares
and UAML managed OEIC and other funds held by the Company are perfectly correlated to this overall movement in share prices.
Shareholders should note that this level of correlation would not be the case in reality.
2024
Profit and
net assets
2023
Profit and
net assets
If overall share prices rose/fell by 20% (2023: 20%), with all other variables held constant
– increase/(decrease) (£'000)
29,575/(29,575)
36,133/(36,133)
Increase/(decrease) in earnings, and net asset value, per Ordinary share (pence)
15.53/(15.53)
20.90/(20.90)
If interest rates were 1% higher/(lower)
(2023: 1%), with all other variables held constant
– increase/(decrease) (£'000)
145/(145)
174/(174)
Increase/(decrease) in earnings, and net asset value, per Ordinary share (pence)
0.08/(0.08)
0.10/(0.10)
Unquoted investments – fair value sensitivity analysis
Base Case
– Average
Sensitivity
Range
Hasgrove EV/EBITDA Multiple (x)
10.7x
9.6x – 11.7x
Average Discount Rate (%)
43%
29% – 47%
The unquoted investments held by the Company have been reviewed in order to identify whether changing inputs to reasonably possible
alternative assumptions would result in a significant change to the Fair Value measurement. Where relevant, the sensitivity analysis
includes the most prudent assumptions (downside case) and the most optimistic assumptions (upside case). Applying the downside case
assumptions, the total value of the unquoted investments would decline by £8.8 million (-20.1%) to £34.9 million. Applying the upside
case assumptions, the total value of the unquoted investments would increase by £9.8 million (+22.5%) to £53.5 million. Total discount
factor is defined as the aggregate percentage discount applied due to the risks from illiquidity and other risks (principally smaller company
risk) when calculating the Fair Value of an unquoted investment.
Fair value hierarchy
The table below sets out fair value measurements using FRS 102 s34.22 fair value hierarchy. The Company has one class of asset, being at
fair value through profit or loss.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
at 30 September 2024
Level 1
£'000
Level 2
£'000
Level 3
£'000
Total
£'000
Equity investments
133,825
43,166
176,991
Loan stock investments
600
600
Open ended investment companies and Unit Trust
14,052
14,052
Total
133,825
14,052
43,766
191,643
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
at 30 September 2023
Level 1
£'000
Level 2
£'000
Level 3
£'000
Total
£'000
Equity investments
165,107
26,366
191,473
Loan stock investments
500
500
Open ended investment companies and Unit Trust
15,558
15,558
Total
165,107
15,558
26,866
207,531
There are currently no financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.
Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement of the relevant asset as follows:
Level 1 – valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2 – valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1.
Level 3 – valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable market data.
The valuation techniques used by the Company are explained in the accounting policies in Note 1.
There have been no transfers during the year between Levels 1 and 2. A reconciliation of fair value measurements in Level 3 is set out below.
Equity
Investments
£'000
Loan stock
investments
£'000
Total
£'000
Opening balance at 1 October 2023
26,366
500
26,866
Shares delisted
3,377
3,377
Purchases
600
600
Sales
(1,034)
(500)
(1,534)
Total gains included in gains/(losses) on investments in the Income Statement:
– on assets sold
601
601
– on assets held at the year end
13,856
13,856
Closing balance at 30 September 2024
43,166
600
43,766
Level 3 unquoted equity and loan stock investments are valued in accordance with the IPEV guidelines as follows:
30
September
2024
£‘000
30
September
2023
£‘000
Investment valuation methodology
Discounted cash flow
600
500
Recent transactions
1,793
1,993
Net asset value
766
766
Discounted earnings multiple
40,607
23,607
43,766
26,866
The valuation methodology chosen is considered by the Board to be the most appropriate for that investment, with regard to
the December 2022 IPEV guidelines.
The valuation of unquoted investments is reviewed by the Board at each quarter end. The valuation methodology used may change for
each investment which could result in a material adjustment within the next year to the valuations above.
Details of unquoted investments are shown in the Investment Portfolio Summary on pages 14 to 20 and in the Unquoted Investments
Summary on page 21.
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18. Management of capital
The Board manages the Company’s capital (effectively the net assets) to further the overall objective of providing an attractive return
to Shareholders through maintaining a steady flow of dividend distributions from the income as well as capital gains generated by the
portfolio.
Under VCT tax legislation, for accounting periods commencing aſter 6 April 2019, at least 80% (previously 70%) calculated by VCT
valuation rules, of the Company’s cash and investment assets (effectively the gross assets) must at all times be invested in UK companies
that are not fully listed. As an AIM VCT, the majority of the Company's assets are held in ordinary shares quoted on the AIM market. The
overall level of capital deployed will change as the value of the investments changes. It is also reduced by dividend distributions and buy
backs of the Company’s own shares.
There is limited scope to alter the Company’s capital structure in the light of changing perceived risks in the Company’s investment
universe and in economic conditions generally. The Board may issue new shares if promising opportunities are available to the Investment
Manager. As stated on page 27, the Board has the power to borrow in order to add some gearing but has no current intention to do so.
19. Segmental analysis
The Company has one reportable segment and one operating segment which operates wholly in the United Kingdom.
20. Post balance sheet events
On 23 October 2024, EQT completed its acquisition of Keyword Studios plc at a price of 2,450 pence per share. The Company received
proceeds of £6.0 million on 6 November 2024.
On 27 November 2024, the Company announced an Offer for Subscription as detailed in the Chair's Statement on page 4.
On 29 November 2024, the Company announced that, following the completion of the acquisition of Mattioli Woods and Keywords
Studios and the receipt by the Company of its share of the proceeds, a special dividend of 6.0 pence per share will be paid to Shareholders
on 21 February 2025.
21. Related party transactions
Details of the relationships between the Directors of the Company and Investee Companies are given in their biographies on
pages 37 to 39.
Charlotta Ginman was a non-executive director and audit committee chair of Keyword Studios plc until 23 October 2024, as
discussed above.
22. Capital commitments and contingent liabilites
There were no capital commitments (2023: £1,500,000) or contingent liabilities (2023: £nil) at 30 September 2024.
Notes to the Financial Statements
(continued)
for the year ended 30 September 2024
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Shareholder Information
The Company’s Ordinary shares (Code: UAV) are listed on the
London Stock Exchange. Shareholders can visit the London
Stock
Exchange
website:
www.londonstockexchange.com,
for the latest news and share price of the Company. The share
price can also be accessed through the Company’s website:
www.unicornaimvct.co.uk selecting the options Fund Information
then “Live Share Price”.
Electronic Communications
Shareholders have previously approved a resolution to allow
the Company to use its website to publish statutory documents
and communications to Shareholders, such as the Annual
Report and Accounts, as its default method of publication. The
Directors recommend that Shareholders receive information
electronically reducing costs and also the impact on the
environment of producing and posting paper copy reports.
Shareholders are encouraged to register on the Registrar's
electronic
system
at
https://unicorn-aim.cityhub.uk.com
to
receive communications by email and to ensure that their details
are up to date. This portal system can also be used to register to
receive dividend payments directly into their bank accounts.
Any
Shareholders
may
request
that
they
are
posted
copies of reports either through the ‘Portal’ or by contacting
the Company Secretary.
Net asset value per share
The Company normally announces its unaudited NAV on a
monthly basis by an RNS release.
Dividend
The Directors have proposed a final dividend of 3.5 pence per
share. Subject to Shareholder approval, the dividend will be paid
on 21 February 2025 to Shareholders on the Register on 3 January
2025.
In addition, the Board has declared a special dividend
of 6.0 pence per share as a result of the M&A activity that led
to the disposal of our shareholdings in Mattioli Woods and
Keywords Studios during, and shortly aſter, the period end. This
special dividend will be payable alongside the final dividend on
21 February 2025.
The Board has previously decided the Company will pay all cash
dividends by bank transfer rather than by cheque.
Shareholders have the following options available for future
dividends:
Complete a bank mandate form and receive dividends via
direct credit to a UK domiciled bank account.
Reinvest the dividends for additional shares in the
Company through the Dividend Reinvestment Scheme
(DRIS).
For those Shareholders who previously received their dividend
by cheque, and who have not provided their bank details
to the Registrar, a bank mandate form will be available on
the Company’s website. Once completed the form should
be sent to the Company’s Registrar, City Partnership at the
address shown on page 91. If Shareholders have any questions
regarding the completion of the form they are advised to
contact the City Partnership on
01484 240910 or by email:
registrars@city.uk.com.
Sanctions Checking
Date of Birth information
Following recent legislative changes and the widening of the UK’s
financial sanctions regime, the Company instructed its registrar,
The City Partnership (UK) Ltd, to scan the Shareholder register
periodically against databases of persons who are subject to UK
financial sanctions.
To
ensure
the
scanning
process
is
effective,
the
register
must include each Shareholder’s forename(s), surname, and
date of birth.
Those Shareholders where this information is not currently held
have been contacted to provide this information to us either by
email at
unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk
by telephone on
01392
487056
or
alternatively
directly
to
the
Company’s
Registrars by email at
registrars@city.uk.com
or by telephone on
01484 240 910.
The Board has decided that dividend payments will be withheld
from Shareholders who have not provided this information
until such information is provided.
Your date of birth will be handled with care and only used for
the purpose of carrying out the scanning process. Should you
have any queries, please do not hesitate to contact either ISCA
Administration Services or The City Partnership.
Dividend Reinvestment Scheme
Shareholders may elect to reinvest their dividends by subscribing
for new shares in the Company. Shares will be issued at
the latest published Net Asset Value prior to the allotment.
For
details
of
the
scheme
see
the
Company's
website:
www.unicornaimvct.co.uk/dividend-reinvestment-scheme
or
contact the scheme administrators, The City Partnership, on
01484 240910.
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Financial calendar
December 2024
Circulation of Annual Report for the year
ended 30 September 2024 to Shareholders
3 January
2025
Record date for Shareholders to be eligible
for final and special dividends
12 February
2025
Annual General Meeting
21 February
2025
Payment date for final and special dividends
subject to Shareholder approval at the Annual
General Meeting
31 March 2025
Half-year end
May 2025
Announcement of Half-Yearly Results
June 2025
Circulation of Half-Yearly Report for the six
months ending 31 March 2025 to Shareholders
August 2025
Payment of interim dividend
30 September 2025
Year end
December 2025
Announcement of final results for the year
ending 30 September 2025
Selling your shares
The Company’s shares are listed on the London Stock Exchange
and as such they can be sold in the same way as any other
quoted company through a stockbroker.
Shareholders wishing
to sell their shares are advised to contact the Company’s
stockbroker, Panmure Liberum Limited, by telephoning 020
7886 2716 or 2717 before agreeing a price with their stockbroker.
Shareholders are also advised to discuss their individual tax position
with their financial adviser before deciding to sell their shares.
Annual General Meeting
The
twenty-third
Annual
General
Meeting
(AGM)
of
the
Company will be held on Wednesday, 12 February 2025 and
Shareholders can attend this meeting in person. Arrangements
for the meeting are detailed on pages 43 and 44. Voting on all
Resolutions will be conducted on a Poll including all proxy votes
submitted. The Notice of the Meeting is included on pages 92
to 96 of this Annual Report and a separate proxy form has been
included with Shareholders’ copies of this Annual Report. Proxy
forms should be completed in accordance with the instructions
printed thereon and sent to the Company’s Registrars, The City
Partnership (UK) Limited, at the address given on the form,
to arrive no later than 11:30 am on Monday, 10 February 2025.
Please note that you can vote your shares electronically at
https://unicorn.city-proxyvoting.uk.
The Company intends to broadcast the AGM, together with an
online presentation by Chris Hutchinson from the Investment
Manager and a representative of one of the portfolio companies,
via Zoom. The Directors will also be in attendance during the
presentation. It is anticipated that Shareholders will have an
opportunity to submit questions for the Directors or Investment
Manager either in advance of the presentations, by email, to
unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk or on the day during the
presentation in person or through the text facility in Zoom.
To receive an invitation to join the Zoom presentation please
email unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk from the email address
you wish the invitation to be sent to, by midday on Monday,
10 February 2025.
Shareholder enquiries:
For
general
shareholder
enquiries,
please
contact
ISCA
Administration Services Limited (the Company Secretary) on
01392 487056 or by e-mail on unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk.
For enquiries concerning the performance of the Company, please
contact the Investment Manager, Unicorn Asset Management
Limited, on 020 7253 0889 or by e-mail on info@unicornam.com.
For enquiries relating to your shareholding, please contact The
City Partnership (UK) Limited on +44 (0)1484 240 910 or email at
registrars@city.uk.com or by post to: The City Partnership (UK)
Limited, The Mending Rooms, Park Valley House, Meltham Road,
Huddersfield HD4 7BH.
Electronic
copies
of
this
report
and
other
published information can be found via the
Company’s website: www.unicornaimvct.co.uk.
Fraud warning
The Company has become aware that a small number of its
Shareholders along with shareholders of other VCTs have
received unsolicited telephone calls from people purporting
to act on behalf of a client who is looking to acquire their VCT
shares at an attractive price. The caller oſten says they already
have a significant holding and are trying to obtain a 51% stake in
the Company. We believe these calls are part of a “Boiler Room
Scam”. Typically, these unsolicited calls originate from outside
the UK, although a UK address may be given and a UK telephone
number provided. If the Shareholder wishes to proceed, they
are sent a non-disclosure agreement to sign and return. If this
is returned a payment may then be requested for a bond or
insurance policy.
Shareholders are warned to be very suspicious if they receive
any similar type of telephone call and are strongly advised
never to respond to unsolicited calls and emails from people
who are not known to them.
If you have any concerns, please contact the Company
Secretary, ISCA Administration Services on 01392 487056, or
email unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk.
Information rights for beneficial owners of shares
Please note that beneficial owners of shares who have been
nominated by the registered holder of those shares to receive
information rights under section 146 of the Companies Act 2006
are required to direct all communications to the registered holder
of their shares, rather than to the Company’s Registrar, The City
Partnership (UK) Limited, or to the Company directly.
Shareholder Information
(continued)
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AIM
The Alternative Investment Market, a sub-market of the London
Stock Exchange, designed to help smaller companies access
capital from public markets.
Alternative performance measures
A financial measure of historical or future performance or
financial position shown in the Key Performance Indicators on
pages 24 and 25.
Cumulative dividends paid
The total amount of dividend distributions paid by the Company,
in the ten year period since 30 September 2014.
Discount
A discount to NAV is calculated by subtracting the mid-
market share price from the NAV per share and is expressed as
a percentage of the NAV per share.
DRIS
The Dividend Reinvestment Scheme which gives Shareholders the
opportunity to reinvest future dividend payments by subscribing
for additional Ordinary Shares.
DTR
The Disclosure and Transparency Rules contained within the
Financial Conduct Authority's Handbook.
EBITDA
Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortisation. A
metric used to evaluate a company's operating performance.
Fair Value
The amount for which an asset or equity instrument could be
exchanged between parties. For investments traded on a Stock
Exchange market this is usually the closing bid price on the
balance sheet date. The fair value of unquoted investments is
determined in accordance with current IPEV guidelines.
IPEV Guidelines
The International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation
(“IPEV”) Guidelines as issued in December 2022 which set out
recommendations, intended to represent current best practice,
on the valuation of Private Capital Investments where they are
reported at fair value by assessing different methods of valuation,
such as price of recent transaction, earnings multiples, discounted
cash flows and net assets.
Market and Abuse rules ("MAR rules")
The Market and Abuse Regulations 2020.
Net Assets
The total value of all the Company’s assets, at fair value, having
deducted all liabilities at their carrying value.
NAV
Total Net Assets divided by the number of shares in issue at the
date of calculation and usually expressed as an amount per share.
NAV total return
Comprises the NAV per share plus the cumulative dividends paid
to the year end.
Ongoing charges
The total expenses incurred in the ordinary course of the business
expressed as a percentage of average Net Assets.
The ratio is calculated in accordance with the Association of
Investment Companies’ (“AIC”) recommended methodology,
published in May 2012. This figure indicates the annual percentage
reduction
in Shareholder
returns
as
a
result of
recurring
operational expenses. Although the Ongoing Charges figure is
based on historic information, it does provide Shareholders with
a guide to the level of costs that may be incurred by the Company
in the future. The costs of trail commission paid to intermediaries
of £27,000 is not included in this calculation.
Qualifying investments
An investment in a company satisfying a number of conditions
under the VCT legislation. Included among the many conditions
are: the shares or securities in the company must have been
originally issued to the VCT and held ever since, the company
must be unquoted (which includes listing on AIM or the Aquis
exchanges), have a permanent establishment in the UK and apply
the money raised for the purposes of growth and development
for a qualifying trade within a specified time period. There are also
restrictions relating to the size and stage of the company as well as
maximum investment limits.
State Aid Regulation
The previous EU State Aid Regulations as replaced by the UK
Subsidy Control Act 2022.
VCT
A Venture Capital Trust as defined in the Income Tax Act 2007.
VCT Value
The value of an investment when acquired, rebased if the holding
is added to which causes an increase or decrease in its value.
80% test
The requirement for the Company to hold a minimum of 80% of
its total assets, by VCT value, in qualifying holdings.
Glossary
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To assist Shareholders, the following is a summary of the most important rules and regulations that determine VCT status.
To maintain its status as a VCT, the Company must meet a
number of conditions, the most important of which are that:
for accounting periods beginning on or aſter 6 April 2019
the Company must hold at least 80%, by VCT tax value*,
of its total investments (shares, securities and liquidity) in
VCT qualifying holdings, within approximately three years
of a fundraising;
all qualifying investments made by VCTs on or aſter 6 April
2018, together with qualifying investments made by funds
raised on or aſter 6 April 2011, are in aggregate required
to comprise at least 70% by VCT tax value in “eligible
shares”, which carry no preferential rights (save as may
be permitted under VCT rules) to dividends or return of
capital and no rights to redemption;
no investment in a single company or group of companies
may represent more than 15% (by VCT tax value) of the
Company’s total investments at the date of investment;
the Company must pay sufficient levels of income
dividend from its revenue available for distribution so as
not to retain more than 15% of its income from shares and
securities in a year;
the Company’s shares must be listed on a regulated
European stock market;
non-qualifying investments can no longer be made,
except for certain limited exemptions in managing the
Company’s short-term liquidity; and
VCTs are required to invest 30% of funds raised in an
accounting period beginning on or aſter 6 April 2018 in
qualifying holdings within 12 months of the end of the
accounting period.
Since 6 April 2019:
the period for reinvestment of proceeds on disposal of
qualifying investments increased from 6 to 12 months.
To be a VCT qualifying holding, new investments must be
in companies:
which carry on a qualifying trade;
which have no more than £15 million of gross assets at
the time of investment and no more than £16 million
immediately following investment from VCTs;
whose maximum age is generally up to seven years (ten
years for knowledge intensive businesses);
that
receive
no
more
than
an
annual
limit
of
£5 million and a lifetime limit of £12 million (for knowledge
intensive companies the annual limit is £10 million and the
lifetime limit is £20 million), from VCTs and similar sources
of State Aid and subsidy funding;
that use the funds received from VCTs for growth and
development purposes.
In addition, VCTs may not:
offer secured loans to investee companies, and any returns
on loan capital above 10% must represent no more than
a commercial return on the principal; and
make investments that do not meet the new ‘risk to
capital’ condition (which requires a company, at the time
of investment, to be an entrepreneurial company with
the objective to grow and develop, and where there is a
genuine risk of loss of capital).
* VCT tax value means as valued in accordance with prevailing VCT legislation. The value of an investment when acquired, rebased if the holding is added to at a different price,
which causes an increase or decrease in its valuation. This may differ from the actual cost of each investment shown in the Investment Portfolio Summary on pages 13 to 21.
Summary of VCT Regulations
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Directors (all non-executive)
Tim Woodcock (Chair)
Charlotta Ginman
Jeremy Hamer
Josephine Tubbs
Julian Bartlett (appointed 2 October 2024)
Registered office:
The Office Suite
Den House
Den Promenade
Teignmouth TQ14 8SY
Secretary & Administrator
ISCA Administration Services Limited
The Office Suite
Den House
Den Promenade
Teignmouth TQ14 8SY
01392 487056
unicornaimvct@iscaadmin.co.uk
Company Registration Number
04266437
Legal Entity Identifier
21380057QDV7D34E9870
Website
www.unicornaimvct.co.uk
Investment Manager
Unicorn Asset Management Limited
First Floor Office
Preacher’s Court
The Charterhouse
Charterhouse Square
London EC1M 6AU
VCT Tax Adviser
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1 Embankment Place
London WC2N 6RH
Stockbroker
Panmure Liberum Limited
Ropemaker Place
Level 12
25 Ropemaker Street
London EC2Y 9LY
Auditor
Johnston Carmichael
7-11 Melville Street
Edinburgh EH3 7PE
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon
One Canada Square
London E14 5AL
Bankers
National Westminster Bank plc
City of London Office
PO Box 12264
1 Princes Street
London EC2R 8BP
Registrar
The City Partnership (UK) Limited
The Mending Rooms
Park Valley House
Meltham Road
Huddersfield HD4 7BH
Solicitors
Shakespeare Martineau LLP
No 1 Colmore Square
Birmingham B4 6AA
Corporate Information
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NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the twenty-third Annual General Meeting of Unicorn AIM VCT plc (the “Company”) will be held at 11:30 am
on Wednesday, 12 February 2025 at The Great Chamber, The Charterhouse, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6AN for the purposes of
considering the following resolutions of which resolutions 1 to 10 will be proposed as ordinary resolutions and resolutions 11 to 13 will be
proposed as special resolutions. The rationale for the election/re-election of each Director is given on pages 37 to 39.
All resolutions will be decided on by a Poll and Shareholders are encouraged to vote using their proxy card or online.
Ordinary Resolutions
1.
To receive and adopt the audited Annual Report and Accounts of the Company for the year ended 30 September 2024
(“Annual Report”), together with the Directors’ Report and Auditor’s report thereon.
2.
To approve the Directors’ Remuneration Report as set out in the Annual Report.
3.
To re-appoint Johnston Carmichael of 7-11 Melville Street, Edinburgh EH3 7PE as Auditor to the Company until the conclusion of the
next Annual General Meeting.
4.
To authorise the Directors to determine Johnston Carmichael’s remuneration as Auditor to the Company.
5.
To re-elect Tim Woodcock as a Director of the Company.
6.
To elect Julian Bartlett as a Director of the Company.
7.
To re-elect Charlotta Ginman as a Director of the Company.
8.
To re-elect Josephine Tubbs as a Director of the Company.
9.
To approve the payment of a final dividend in respect of the year ended 30 September 2024 of 3.5 pence per ordinary share of 1p
each, payable on 21 February 2025 to Shareholders on the register on 3 January 2025.
10. That, in substitution for any existing authorities, the Directors of the Company be and hereby are generally and unconditionally
authorised pursuant to section 551 of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”) to exercise all the powers of the Company to allot ordinary
shares of 1p each in the capital of the Company (“Shares”) and to grant rights to subscribe for, or convert any security into, Shares
(“Rights”) up to an aggregate nominal value of £761,748, representing 40% of the issued share capital at the date of this report,
provided that the authority conferred by this resolution shall (unless renewed, varied or revoked by the Company in a general
meeting) expire on the date falling 15 months aſter the passing of this resolution or, if earlier, at the conclusion of the Annual General
Meeting of the Company to be held in 2026, but so that this authority shall allow the Company to make before the expiry of this
authority offers or agreements which would or might require Shares to be allotted or Rights to be granted aſter such expiry and the
Directors of the Company shall be entitled to allot Shares or grant Rights pursuant to any such offers or agreements as if the authority
conferred by this Resolution 10 had not expired.
Special Resolutions
11.
That, subject to the passing of Resolution 10 set out in this notice and in substitution for any existing authorities, the Directors of the
Company be and hereby are empowered in accordance with sections 570 and 573 of the Act to allot or make offers or agreements
to allot equity securities (as defined in section 560 of the Act) for cash, pursuant to the authority conferred upon them by Resolution
10 set out in this notice, or by way of a sale of treasury shares, as if section 561(1) of the Act did not apply to any such sale or allotment,
provided that the power conferred by this resolution shall be limited to:
(i)
the allotment and issue of equity securities with an aggregate nominal value of up to, but not exceeding, £380,874,
representing 20% of the issued share capital at the date of this report, in connection with offer(s) for subscription;
UNICORN AIM VCT PLC
(Registered in England and Wales No. 04266437)
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
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(ii)
the allotment and issue of equity securities with an aggregate nominal value of up to, but not exceeding, 10% of the issued
share capital of the Company from time to time pursuant to any dividend re-investment scheme operated by the Company,
at a subscription price per share which may be less than the net asset value per share, as may be prescribed by the scheme
terms; and
(iii) the allotment, otherwise than pursuant to sub-paragraph (i) and (ii) above, of equity securities with an aggregate nominal
value of up to, but not exceeding, 10% of the issued share capital of the Company from time to time,
in each case where the proceeds may be used, in whole or part, to purchase the Company’s Shares in the market and provided that
this authority shall (unless renewed, varied or revoked by the Company in general meeting) expire on the date falling 15 months
aſter the passing of this resolution or, if earlier, at the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting to be held in 2026, except that the
Company may, before the expiry of this authority, make offers or agreements which would or might require equity securities to be
allotted aſter such expiry and the Directors may allot equity securities in pursuance of such offer or agreement as if the authority
conferred hereby had not expired.
12.
That, in substitution for any existing authorities, the Company be and hereby is authorised pursuant to section 701 of the Act to make
one or more market purchases (within the meaning of section 693(4) of the Act) of its own Shares on such terms and in such manner
as the Directors of the Company may determine (either for cancellation or for the retention as treasury shares for future re-issue or
transfer), provided that:
(iv) the aggregate number of Shares which may be purchased shall not exceed 28,546,510 or, if lower, such number of Shares
(rounded down to the nearest whole Share) as shall equal 14.99% of the Shares in issue at the date of passing this resolution;
(v)
the minimum price which may be paid for a Share is 1p (the nominal value thereof);
(vi) the maximum price which may be paid for a Share shall be the higher of (a) an amount equal to five per cent above the
average of the middle market quotations for a Share taken from the London Stock Exchange Daily Official List for the five
business days immediately preceding the day on which the Share is to be purchased and (b) the price stipulated by Article
5(6) of the Market Abuse Regulation (596/2014/EU) (as such Regulation forms part of UK law as amended);
(vii) the authority conferred by this resolution shall (unless previously renewed or revoked in general meeting) expire on the date
falling 15 months aſter the passing of this resolution or, if earlier, at the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting of the
Company to be held in 2026; and
(i)
the Company may make a contract or contracts to purchase its own Shares under the authority hereby conferred prior to
the expiry of such authority which will or may be executed wholly or partly aſter the expiry of such authority, and may make a
purchase of its own Shares in pursuance of any such contract.
13.
That the Share premium account and the Capital redemption reserve of the Company be cancelled.
By order of the Board
ISCA Administration Services Limited
Company Secretary
Registered Office
ISCA Administration Services Limited
The Office Suite
Den House
Den Promenade
Teignmouth TQ14 8SY
5 December 2024
UNICORN AIM VCT PLC
(Registered in England and Wales No. 04266437)
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
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Notes
(i)
Pursuant to Regulation 41 of the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001, entitlement to attend and vote at the meeting (and
the number of votes that may be cast thereat), will be determined by reference to the Register of Members of the Company at
the close of business on the day which is two days before the day of the meeting or of the adjourned meeting. Changes to the
Register of Members of the Company aſter the relevant deadline shall be disregarded in determining the rights of any person
to attend and vote at the meeting.
(ii)
A member entitled to attend and vote at the meeting is entitled to appoint a proxy or proxies to attend, speak and vote on his
or her behalf. A proxy need not also be a member but must attend the meeting to represent you. Details of how to appoint the
Chair of the meeting or another person as your proxy using the form of proxy are set out in the notes on the form of proxy. If
you wish your proxy to speak on your behalf at the meeting you will need to appoint your own choice of proxy (not the Chair)
and give your instructions directly to them.
(iii)
You may appoint more than one proxy provided each proxy is appointed to exercise rights attached to different shares. You
may not appoint more than one proxy to exercise rights attached to any one share. To appoint more than one proxy, you may
copy the proxy form, clearly stating on each copy the shares to which the proxy relates, or to request additional copies of
the proxy form contact the Company’s Registrar, The City Partnership (UK) Limited, on +44 (0)1484 240 910 (lines are open
between 9.00 am and 5.30 pm Monday to Friday, calls are charged at standard geographic rates and will vary by provider).
Calls outside the United Kingdom will be charged at applicable international rates. Different charges may apply to calls from
mobile telephones and call may be recorded and randomly monitored for security and training purposes. For legal reasons
The City Partnership (UK) Limited will be unable to give advice on the merits of the proposals or provide financial, legal, tax or
investment advice. Please indicate in the box next to the proxy holder’s name the number of shares in relation to which they
are authorised to act as your proxy. Please also indicate by ticking the box provided if the proxy instruction is one of multiple
instructions being given. All forms must be signed and returned together in the same envelope.
(iv)
The statement of the rights of members in relation to the appointment of proxies in paragraphs (ii) and (iii) above does not
apply to Nominated Persons. The rights described in these paragraphs can only be exercised by members of the Company.
(v)
Any person to whom this notice is sent who is a person nominated under section 146 of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”) to
enjoy information rights (a “Nominated Person”) may, under an agreement between him/her and the member by whom he/she
was nominated, have a right to be appointed (or to have someone else appointed) as a proxy for the meeting. If a Nominated
Person has no such proxy appointment right or does not wish to exercise it, he/she may, under any such agreement, have a
right to give instructions to the Shareholder as to the exercise of voting rights.
(vi)
If you have been nominated to receive general shareholder communications directly from the Company, it is important to
remember that your main contact in terms of your investment remains as it was i.e. the registered shareholder, or perhaps
custodian or broker, who administers the investment on your behalf). Therefore any changes or queries relating to your
personal details and holding (including administration thereof) must continue to be directed to your existing contact at your
investment manager or custodian. The Company cannot guarantee to deal with matters that are directed to it in error. The only
exception to this is where the Company, in exercising one of its powers under the Act, writes to you directly for a response.
(vii)
A personal reply paid form of proxy is enclosed with this document. To be valid, the enclosed form of proxy for the meeting,
together with the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which it is signed or a notarially certified or office copy
thereof, must be deposited at the offices of the Company’s Registrar, The City Partnership (UK) Limited, The Mending Rooms,
Park Valley House, Meltham Road, Huddersfield HD4 7BH, so as to be received not later than 11:30 am on Monday, 10 February
2025 or 48 hours before the time appointed for any adjourned meeting or, in the case of a poll taken subsequent to the date of
the meeting or adjourned meeting, so as to be received no later than 24 hours before the time appointed for taking the poll.
(viii)
If you prefer, you may return the proxy form to The City Partnership (UK) Limited in an envelope addressed to The City
Partnership (UK) Limited, The Mending Rooms, Park Valley House, Meltham Road, Huddersfield HD4 7BH.
(ix)
Please note that you can vote your shares electronically at https://unicorn.city-proxyvoting.uk.
UNICORN AIM VCT PLC
(Registered in England and Wales No. 04266437)
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
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(x)
Appointment of a proxy or CREST proxy instruction, subject to the stated attendance restrictions, will not preclude a member
from subsequently attending and voting at the meeting should he or she subsequently decide to do so. You can only appoint a
proxy using the procedure set out in these notes and the notes to the form of proxy.
(xi)
CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through the CREST electronic proxy appointment service may do
so by using the procedures described in the CREST Manual. CREST personal members or other CREST sponsored members,
and those CREST members who have appointed a service provider(s), should refer to their CREST sponsor or voting service
provider(s), who will be able to take the appropriate action on their behalf.
(xii)
In order for a proxy appointment or instruction made using the CREST service to be valid, the appropriate CREST message
(a ‘CREST Proxy Instruction’) must be properly authenticated in accordance with Euroclear UK & International Limited’s
specifications, and must contain the information required for such instruction, as described in the CREST Manual. The message,
regardless of whether it constitutes the appointment of a proxy or is an amendment to the instruction given to a previously
appointed proxy must in order to be valid, be transmitted so as to be received by the issuer’s agent (ID 8RA57) by 11.30am on
Monday, 10 February 2025. For this purpose, the time of receipt will be taken to be the time (as determined by the timestamp
applied to the message by the CREST Application Host) from which the issuer’s agent is able to retrieve the message by enquiry
to CREST in the manner prescribed by CREST. Aſter this time any change of instructions to proxies appointed through CREST
should be communicated to the appointee through other means.
(xiii)
CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors, or voting service providers should note that Euroclear UK &
International Limited does not make available special procedures in CREST for any particular message. Normal system timings
and limitations will, therefore, apply in relation to the input of CREST Proxy Instructions. It is the responsibility of the CREST
member concerned to take (or, if the CREST member is a CREST personal member, or sponsored member, or has appointed
a voting service provider, to procure that his/her CREST sponsor or voting service provider(s) take(s)) such action as shall be
necessary to ensure that a message is transmitted by means of the CREST system by any particular time. In this connection,
CREST members and, where applicable, their CREST sponsors or voting system providers are referred, in particular, to those
sections of the CREST Manual concerning practical limitations of the CREST system and timings.
(xiv)
As at 4 December 2024 (being the last business day prior to the publication of this notice), the Company’s issued share
capital comprised 190,437,026 ordinary shares of 1p each, all of which carry one vote each. Therefore, the total voting rights in
the Company as at 4 December 2024 was 190,437,026.
(xv)
The Directors’ appointment letters will be available for inspection at the Company’s registered office during normal business
hours on any weekday (excluding Saturdays, Sunday and public holidays) and shall be available for inspection at the place of the
Annual General Meeting for at least fiſteen minutes prior to and during the meeting.
(xvi)
If a corporate shareholder has appointed a corporate representative, the corporate representative will have the same powers
as the corporation could exercise if it were an individual member of the Company. If more than one corporate representative
has been appointed, on a vote on a show of hands on a resolution, each representative will have the same voting rights as the
corporation would be entitled to. If more than one authorised person seeks to exercise a power in respect of the same shares,
if they purport to exercise the power in the same way, the power is treated as exercised; if they do not purport to exercise the
power in the same way, the power is treated as not exercised.
(xvii)
Under section 527 of the Act, members meeting the threshold requirements set out in that section have the right to require
the Company to publish on a website a statement setting out any matter relating to: (i) the audit of the Company’s accounts
(including the Auditor’s Report and the conduct of the audit) that are to be laid before the AGM; or (ii) any circumstance
connected with an auditor of the Company ceasing to hold office since the previous meeting at which annual accounts and
reports were laid in accordance with section 437 of the Act. The Company may not require the Shareholders requesting any
such website publication to pay its expenses in complying with sections 527 or 528 of the Act. Where the Company is required
to place a statement on a website under section 527 of the Act, it must forward the statement to the Company’s Auditor no later
than the time when it makes the statement available on the website. The business which may be dealt with at the AGM includes
any statement that the Company has been required under section 527 of the Act to publish on a website.
UNICORN AIM VCT PLC
(Registered in England and Wales No. 04266437)
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
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(xviii)
At the meeting Shareholders have the right to ask questions relating to the business of the meeting and the Company is obliged
under section 319A of the Act to answer such questions, unless; a) to do so would interfere unduly with the conduct of the meeting
or would involve the disclosure of confidential information, b) the information has been given on the Company’s website:
www.unicornaimvct.co.uk in the form of an answer to a question, or c) it is undesirable in the interests of the Company or the
good order of the meeting that the question be answered.
(xix)
Further information, including the information required by section 311A of the Act, regarding the meeting is available on the
Company’s website: www.unicornaimvct.co.uk.
(xx)
Members satisfying the thresholds in section 338A of the Companies Act 2006 may request the Company to include in the
business to be dealt with at the Annual General Meeting any matter (other than a proposed resolution) which may properly
be included in the business at the Annual General Meeting. A matter may properly be included in the business at the Annual
General Meeting unless (i) it is defamatory of any person or (ii) it is frivolous or vexatious. A request made pursuant to this right
may be in hard copy or electronic form, must identify the matter to be included in the business, must be accompanied by a
statement setting out the grounds for the request, must be authenticated by the person(s) making it and must be received by
the Company not later than six weeks before the date of the Annual General Meeting.
(xxi)
This notice, together with information about the total number of shares in the Company in respect of which members are
entitled to exercise voting rights at the meeting at 4 December 2024 (the business day prior to the approval of this Notice) and,
if applicable, any members’ statements, members’ resolutions or members’ matter of business received by the Company aſter
the date of this Notice, will be available on the Company’s website: www.unicornaimvct.co.uk.
UNICORN AIM VCT PLC
(Registered in England and Wales No. 04266437)
Notice of the Annual General Meeting
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